Massage Therapy Study Techniques

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Questions and Answers

What age group is primarily affected by avascular necrosis of the femoral head?

  • 3-12 years (correct)
  • 13-18 years
  • 1-2 years
  • 19-25 years

Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip can often be self-resolved without intervention.

True (A)

What is one symptom associated with Osgood-Schlatter disease?

Pain in front of the knee

The Ortolani maneuver tests for ___________ in Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip.

<p>hip dislocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT considered a cause of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip?

<p>Overuse in athletics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their associated conditions:

<p>Avascular necrosis = Femoral head Osgood-Schlatter = Tibial tuberosity Developmental Dysplasia = Hip Patellar tendonitis = Front of knee</p> Signup and view all the answers

Limited abduction of the hip can be a symptom of Developmental Dysplasia.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gender is reported to be more commonly affected by Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip?

<p>Females</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by hyperkyphosis and mostly affects adolescents?

<p>Scheuermann Disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Genu Valgum is also known as bow-leggedness.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the major symptoms of scoliosis?

<p>Pain from secondary structure compressions, rib humping, uneven shoulders, one hip higher than the other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Genu Varum is commonly seen in infants from 0 to ___ months.

<p>18</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their descriptions:

<p>Genu Varum = Bow legged appearance Genu Valgum = Knock kneed appearance Scheuermann Disease = Hyperkyphosis in adolescents Scoliosis = Lateral curvature of the spine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can massage therapy help address in cases of scoliosis?

<p>Address short/hypertonic muscles on the concave side (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Genu Valgum can cause lax medial collateral ligaments.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common underlying condition associated with neuromuscular scoliosis?

<p>Cerebral Palsy or muscular dystrophy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the indication for using corticosteroids in bone treatment?

<p>To treat the associated pathology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pain on movement is a symptom of acute osteomyelitis.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential cause of chronic osteomyelitis?

<p>Tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Skin infection can spread to the ______.

<p>bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their symptoms:

<p>Acute Osteomyelitis = Fever, weakness Chronic Osteomyelitis = Long term deformity of bone Legge-Calve-Perthe = Pain in the thigh and knee Skin Infection = Can lead to poor tissue health</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done before applying massage to a patient with osteomyelitis?

<p>Wait until the infection is gone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Massage can help with recovery from Legge-Calve-Perthe.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major symptom is associated with Legge-Calve-Perthe?

<p>Trouble walking or limping</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one primary cause of congenital torticollis?

<p>Spasm of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Osteoporosis can lead to vertebral collapse and fractures.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by decreased bone mass and structure?

<p>Osteopenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term for a head tilted to one side due to neck muscle spasm is known as __________.

<p>Wryneck</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the metabolic disease with its primary symptom:

<p>Osteopenia = Decrease in bone mass Osteoporosis = Susceptibility to fractures Anorexia = Inadequate mineral intake Vitamin D deficiency = Poor calcium absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor can contribute to both osteopenia and osteoporosis?

<p>Poor vitamin D absorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A primary treatment for osteoporosis is routine screening to identify risks before fractures occur.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common massage consideration when treating osteopenia?

<p>Treatment of underlying pathology through physical therapy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of hyperparathyroidism?

<p>Increased calcium levels in the blood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ricket's disease is associated with excessive sunlight exposure.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by the softening of bones due to poor mineralization?

<p>Osteomalacia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cystic fibrosis affects nutrient absorption and can lead to ______ deficiencies.

<p>nutritional</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is NOT mentioned as related to inadequate bone calcification?

<p>Paget’s Disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their associated features:

<p>Ricket's = Delayed ossification and bowlegs Osteomalacia = Softening of bones Paget's Disease = Chaotic bone formation Hyperparathyroidism = Increased calcium in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

Juvenile osteomalacia leads to abnormal growth of long bones in children.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Renal Ricket’s occurs when the kidney cannot activate vitamin ______.

<p>D</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common risk factor for fractures in menopausal women?

<p>Small frame and estrogen deficiency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Osteomalacia is characterized by vitamin D sufficiency.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential consequence of poor bone healing in individuals with osteoporosis?

<p>Stress fractures</p> Signup and view all the answers

When treating clients with osteoporosis, it is important to avoid __________ techniques.

<p>aggressive</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following vitamin deficiencies is linked to osteomalacia?

<p>Vitamin D (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the condition with its associated symptom:

<p>Osteoporosis = Increased risk of fractures Osteomalacia = Bone pain and tenderness Vitamin D deficiency = Muscle weakness Calcium insufficiency = Fractures with poor healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

Smoking can be a secondary factor for osteoporosis.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended strategy for clients with osteomalacia?

<p>Strengthening and pain reduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Osteomyelitis

Bone infection, direct contamination of open wound/fracture or spread from the bloodstream (hematogenous).

Acute Osteomyelitis

A sudden, fast-onset bone infection.

Chronic Osteomyelitis

A long-term bone infection that leads to potential long-term bone deformity.

Osteomyelitis Symptoms

Fever, weakness, pain on movement, long-term deformity, neuro symptoms.

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Osteomyelitis Massage

Wait until infection is gone; gentle, supportive movements, focus on recovery.

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Hematogenous Osteomyelitis

Bone infection caused by infections spreading through the bloodstream.

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Legge-Calvé-Perthes Disease

Developmental disorder characterized by pain in the thigh and knee, trouble walking, and limping.

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Legge-Calvé-Perthes Etiology

Unknown cause, potentially related to acute trauma or malnutrition.

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Legge-Calvé-Perthes Massage Considerations

Massage can support recovery but avoid risk of fracture or dislocation.

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Compensatory Symptoms

Symptoms that appear as a result of another problem, like a physical abnormality in the hips or knees.

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Femoral Head Necrosis

Death of bone tissue in the femoral head, often due to decreased blood supply.

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Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip

A condition where the hip joint doesn't develop properly, potentially leading to hip instability.

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Osgood-Schlatter Disease

Pain in the front of the knee, often in adolescents, due to stress on the patellar tendon.

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Positive Ortolani/Barlow Sign

Clicking sound detected during hip examination, indicating potential hip instability.

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Hip Abduction

Movement of the thigh away from the body.

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Epiphyseal Center

The growth plate in a bone, crucial for bone development.

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Avascular Necrosis

Death of bone tissue due to lack of blood supply.

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Anabolics in meds

Medications used to help build body tissue and force vitamin D and calcium absorption.

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Hip fracture risk

Increased risk of femur neck erosion, especially in postmenopausal women with small frames, due to estrogen deficiency.

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Osteomalacia cause

A condition caused by vitamin D deficiency or phosphate deficiency, leading to poor intestinal absorption.

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Osteomalacia symptoms

Bone pain, tenderness, muscle weakness, and fractures; often a consequence of poor healing.

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Massage for osteomalacia

Massage therapy can help reduce pain and improve muscle weakness, focusing on strength and pain reduction. Safety measures must be taken against falls while on the table.

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Secondary osteomalacia

Osteomalacia caused by underlying medical conditions (pathologies), smoking, or corticosteroid use.

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Torticollis (Congenital)

A condition where a baby's neck muscle is tight, causing the head to tilt to one side.

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Torticollis (Infant Position)

A condition caused by the baby's position in the womb.

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Torticollis (Labor)

Neck muscle pain possibly due to trauma during delivery, like forceps use.

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Osteopenia

Reduced bone mass, often connected to other health issues.

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Osteopenia - Underlying Pathology

Osteopenia can be a symptom or part of another disease, not a disease itself.

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Osteoporosis

A condition where bones become weak and more likely to break, due to an imbalance of bone formation and resorption.

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Osteoporosis Symptoms

Often asymptomatic until fracture; may include vertebral collapse (dowager's hump).

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Scheuermann's Disease

A structural disease primarily affecting adolescents, characterized by excessive kyphosis (hunchback).

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Genu Varum

Bow-legged condition; common in infants (0-18 months), sometimes persists into adulthood. Caused by physiological or developmental issues.

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Genu Valgum

Knock-kneed condition; common in infants (around 3.5 years). Can also result from certain conditions and/or poor posture in adults.

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Scoliosis

A sideways curvature of the spine; can be congenital, neuromuscular (like cerebral palsy related), or structural.

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Congenital Scoliosis

Scoliosis present at birth, often due to developmental issues like uneven vertebrae.

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Neuromuscular Scoliosis

Scoliosis linked to nerve or muscle disorders like cerebral palsy.

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Structural Scoliosis

A type of scoliosis where the spine's curve isn't flexible and cannot be easily straightened.

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Idiopathic Scoliosis

Scoliosis that occurs spontaneously without identifiable cause.

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Rib Humping

A prominent rib hump on one side of the back, often a sign of scoliosis.

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Primary Etiology

The initial cause of a disease or condition.

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Hyperparathyroidism

A condition where the parathyroid gland produces too much parathyroid hormone, leading to calcium being drawn from the bones and into the blood.

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Nutrient Absorption Issues (Crohn's, Colitis, IBS/D, Celiac)

Diseases affecting the intestinal tract, hindering the absorption of essential nutrients from food.

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Biliary System Disorders

Problems with the gallbladder, liver, and/or bile ducts affecting nutrient absorption.

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Renal Rickets

A condition where the kidneys cannot activate vitamin D, causing a deficiency that leads to bone problems.

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Osteomalacia

A condition of softening of bones, often due to vitamin D deficiency.

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Juvenile Osteomalacia

Osteomalacia occurring in childhood, hindering long bone growth.

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Paget's Disease

A condition where bone is broken down and rebuilt rapidly and erratically, leading to weak and misshapen bones.

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Vitamin D Deficiency

A lack of vitamin D, often due to insufficient sunlight exposure, which impacts bone health.

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Growth Plate Issues

Problems with the growth plates in bones, which are essential for bone lengthening in development.

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Study Notes

Assignment Description

  • Assignment focuses on improving student study techniques
  • Students create charts/templates from weeks 9-11 content on massage therapy
  • Key concepts will be explored effectively, improving performance
  • Sources from the internet are permitted in conjunction with course textbook
  • Porth is a key source for evaluations
  • Reference list required
  • Assignment due Friday November 22nd, 11:59 PM
  • Assignment submitted via Dropbox in the Evaluations Module
  • Assignment worth 51 marks (10% of overall grade)

Assignment Questions

  • Complete charts with thorough explanations, using bullet points.
  • Bone pathology chart, including primary etiology, major symptoms, and massage considerations
  • Developmental disorders chart (2 parts), including primary etiology, major symptoms, and massage considerations
  • Metabolic diseases chart, including primary etiology, major symptoms, and massage considerations.

Bone Pathology

  • Pathology: Osteonecrosis
  • Primary Etiology: Interruption of blood supply to marrow
    • Trauma or fractures
    • Thrombosis, embolism
    • Sickle cell disease
    • Idiopathic
    • Administration of corticosteroids
  • Major Symptoms: Bone death, pain even at rest, limited mobility
  • Massage Considerations: Treat after medical interventions, like surgery. Avoid treating until cleared by doctors. Treat associated pathologies. Consider immobilized areas and any surrounding structures.

Developmental Disorders (Part 1)

  • Pathology: Legge-Calve-Perthe
  • Primary Etiology: Unknown cause, possibly trauma or malnutrition. Affects the femoral head.
  • Major Symptoms: Pain in thigh and knee, difficulty walking (limping), limited abduction, internal rotation, effects on growth pattern
  • Massage Considerations: Focus on compensatory symptoms like posture.

Developmental Disorders (Part 2)

  • Pathology: Osgood-Schlatter
  • Primary Etiology: Overuse during development, straining patellar tendons. Predominantly in white males aged 3-12.
  • Major Symptoms: Enlarged tibial tuberosity, pain in front of knee during activity. Pain during activity and swelling/thickening of patellar tendon.
  • Massage Considerations: Focus on decreasing quad tone. Avoid treating inflammation at the tibial tuberosity.

Metabolic Diseases

  • Pathology: Osteopenia, Osteoporosis
  • Primary Etiology: Can be due to another pathology (like osteoporosis), anorexia, high acidity in the blood eroding bones, imbalance between bone resorption formation , aging and mineral/vitamin D deficiency
  • Major Symptoms: Decrease in bone mass, bone deformation, inadequate remineralization, deossification, susceptability to fractures, vertebral collapse, dowager's hump. Often asymptomatic until fracture.
  • Massage Considerations: Treat underlying pathologies, physical therapy to increase bone density. Weight bearing exercises.

Additional Information

  • The assignment requires details for each pathology, etiology, symptoms and massage considerations.
  • The assignment has multiple charts requiring detailed information
  • The 3 chart types are: Bone Pathology, Developmental Disorders (two parts) and Metabolic Diseases.

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