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Questions and Answers
Which type of joint in masonry is specifically designed to address lateral stability and structural integrity?
What is the maximum volume percentage for a depression in a masonry unit to be considered acceptable?
Which term describes highly workable concrete placed within masonry to enhance its structural properties?
What is the purpose of a bed joint in masonry construction?
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How does an articulation joint function in relation to wall panels?
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Which bond features a systematic arrangement where alternating courses are aligned vertically with headers laid between stretcher courses?
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Which masonry bond allows for the placement of reinforcement in a cavity created by its pattern?
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In which masonry bond does each unit overlap the one below at the midpoint of the unit?
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What is a defining characteristic of the honeycomb bond?
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Which bond is specifically described as having perpend joints aligned vertically in every alternate course?
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Study Notes
Definitions and Concepts
- Frog: A depression in masonry faces not exceeding 25% of the unit's gross volume.
- Infill Concrete: Highly workable concrete used to fill cores and cavities in masonry for reinforcement.
Types of Joints in Masonry
- Articulation Joint: Allows wall panels to move without damage, accounting for lateral stability and structural integrity.
- Bed Joint: A horizontal mortared joint between masonry courses.
Masonry Bonds
- English Bond: Alternates between stretcher and header courses.
- English Garden Wall Bond: Features headers placed between stretcher courses, with vertical intervals not exceeding 450 mm.
- Honeycomb Bond: Features openings at the center of each unit, with overlaps in successive courses.
- Quarter Bond: Each alternate course is offset by one-quarter of the unit's length.
- Quetta Bond: Alternating T-pattern for staggering courses, allowing reinforcement placement within cavities.
- Rat-Trap Bond: Staggered hollow square pattern with overlaps equal to one-quarter of the unit.
- Stretcher Bond: Overlaps the unit below at midpoints.
Materials and Compliance Standards
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Cement:
- Common cements must comply with SANS 50197-1.
- Masonry cements follow SANS 50413-1 guidelines.
- Lime for Mortar: Must meet SANS 523 requirements (A2P type).
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Sand Requirements:
- No organic materials and must pass a sieve with a 5mm mesh.
- Must exhibit proper workability when mixed with cement (2.5 kg to 12.5 kg ratio requires no more than 3.0 L of water for masonry laying).
Wall Ties Specifications
- Non-Metallic Ties: Must resist tensile forces of 0.6 kN and compressive forces of 0.7 kN under testing conditions, ensuring stiffness under load.
Structural Requirements
- Steel Frames: Door and window frames need to comply with SANS 1129 and SANS 727.
- Bonding of Walls: Intersecting masonry must be bonded with full masonry bonds or tied with galvanized hoop-iron straps at maximum intervals of 450 mm.
Additional Construction Guidelines
- Galvanized Straps: Minimum dimensions are 1.2 mm thickness, 30 mm width, and 700 mm length.
- Joining New to Existing Masonry: Dowels are required for secure connections.
- Bonding Details: Ties for piers and ribs must follow specific guidelines, including solidly filling collar joints with mortar and filling hollow unit cores with mortar or infill concrete.
General Construction Practices
- Raking Back: Advanced work corners must not exceed 1 m in height above general masonry level, prohibiting toothing-in methods for joining walls.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key definitions, types of joints, and various masonry bonds. This quiz covers essential masonry concepts that are vital for construction and architecture. Gain a better understanding of how different masonry methods contribute to structural integrity.
