Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes martial law?
Which of the following best describes martial law?
- A law that applies only to members of the military.
- A power the state uses when the country is under control. (correct)
- The suspension of military operations.
- A system where military personnel manage the country.
Which Philippine president declared martial law in 1972?
Which Philippine president declared martial law in 1972?
- Manuel A. Roxas
- Ramon Magsaysay
- Diosdado Macapagal
- Ferdinand Marcos (correct)
What does the term warrant of arrest refer to?
What does the term warrant of arrest refer to?
- An invitation to a gathering.
- A document issued by the barangay captain that allows the arrest of an individual.
- A document issued by a judge allowing the police to arrest an individual. (correct)
- A permission slip issued by the police that allows them to arrest an individual.
What is the meaning of writ of habeas corpus?
What is the meaning of writ of habeas corpus?
Why did many businesses close during martial law?
Why did many businesses close during martial law?
Which of these describes a negative effect of martial law?
Which of these describes a negative effect of martial law?
During martial law, citizens were arrested for speaking against the Marcos administration. Which right was violated?
During martial law, citizens were arrested for speaking against the Marcos administration. Which right was violated?
Which statement about martial law is most accurate?
Which statement about martial law is most accurate?
Which movie director, later a victim of martial law, is considered one of the most influential in Philippine cinema?
Which movie director, later a victim of martial law, is considered one of the most influential in Philippine cinema?
Who, as a prominent critic of President Marcos, was assassinated upon returning to the Philippines?
Who, as a prominent critic of President Marcos, was assassinated upon returning to the Philippines?
Which president implemented the Parity Rights program?
Which president implemented the Parity Rights program?
Which president launched the Filipino First policy, which prioritized local products?
Which president launched the Filipino First policy, which prioritized local products?
Which president died due to a plane crash?
Which president died due to a plane crash?
Which president first implemented the Land Reform Law?
Which president first implemented the Land Reform Law?
Why was Ramon Magsaysay called the Idol of the Masses?
Why was Ramon Magsaysay called the Idol of the Masses?
According to the document, what part of the 1935 constitution served as the basis for the declaration of martial law?
According to the document, what part of the 1935 constitution served as the basis for the declaration of martial law?
In the Saligang Batas, what can cause of the declaration of martial law?
In the Saligang Batas, what can cause of the declaration of martial law?
Which proclamation officially declared martial law?
Which proclamation officially declared martial law?
When did President Marcos sign the order declaring martial law?
When did President Marcos sign the order declaring martial law?
What was President Marcos’ main goal in declaring martial law?
What was President Marcos’ main goal in declaring martial law?
Which event was NOT a cause of the start of martial law?
Which event was NOT a cause of the start of martial law?
Which of the following describes a goal of martial law?
Which of the following describes a goal of martial law?
What effect did the imposition of curfew have?
What effect did the imposition of curfew have?
What positive improvement happened because of martial law?
What positive improvement happened because of martial law?
Which of these events happened to Ninoy Aquino?
Which of these events happened to Ninoy Aquino?
Who assisted Lino Broca when he was arrested for being the cause of illegal protesting?
Who assisted Lino Broca when he was arrested for being the cause of illegal protesting?
What was the name of the movie made by been H. Cervantes, that was considered subversive under Marcos' regime?
What was the name of the movie made by been H. Cervantes, that was considered subversive under Marcos' regime?
Jose W. Diokno created what, to help others that were accused of violating human rights?
Jose W. Diokno created what, to help others that were accused of violating human rights?
Following Ninoy Aquino being shot, who was pressured into taking his spot as president?
Following Ninoy Aquino being shot, who was pressured into taking his spot as president?
What was the response to the deaths of student activists in the Philippines?
What was the response to the deaths of student activists in the Philippines?
How long was Lino Brocka imprisoned for?
How long was Lino Brocka imprisoned for?
Where in the government, did they deliver Geny Lopez?
Where in the government, did they deliver Geny Lopez?
Corazon Aquino is the widow of the former senator, who?
Corazon Aquino is the widow of the former senator, who?
Flashcards
What is martial law?
What is martial law?
Special power of the state, by the government when it can’t maintain order through civilian power.
What is a curfew?
What is a curfew?
A rule that restricts people from going outside their homes during specific hours.
What is habeas corpus?
What is habeas corpus?
Protection from unlawful imprisonment.
What is a warrant of arrest?
What is a warrant of arrest?
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What was the Mendiola Massacre?
What was the Mendiola Massacre?
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What was the Plaza Miranda bombing?
What was the Plaza Miranda bombing?
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When was Proclamation 1081 signed?
When was Proclamation 1081 signed?
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What was Marcos' goal in declaring Martial law?
What was Marcos' goal in declaring Martial law?
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What were the effects of Martial Law?
What were the effects of Martial Law?
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What are some positive outcomes of martial law?
What are some positive outcomes of martial law?
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Who was Ninoy Aquino?
Who was Ninoy Aquino?
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Who was Jose W. Diokno
Who was Jose W. Diokno
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Who was Lino Brocka?
Who was Lino Brocka?
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Who was Behn Cervantes?
Who was Behn Cervantes?
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Who was Geny Lopez?
Who was Geny Lopez?
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Who was Jovito Salonga?
Who was Jovito Salonga?
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Study Notes
- This module discusses the problems and challenges during Martial Law.
Batas Militar
- Batas Militar is a special power of the state usually implemented when the government can no longer manage governance with its civilian authority.
- It can be declared during disasters or conflicts like invasions.
- It involves implementing curfew, suspension of civil rights, habeas corpus, and submitting civilians to military courts.
- President Marcos signed Proclamation No. 1081 on September 21, 1972, placing the Philippines under Martial Law.
- The goal was to save the Republic and create a New Society (Bagong Lipunan).
- The basis for the declaration was Article VIII, Section 10, Paragraph 2 of the 1935 Constitution.
- According to this, the President of the Philippines has the right and power to declare martial law in case of rebellion, insurrection, aggression, or violence.
Events That Led to the Declaration of Martial Law in 1972
- Bloody rally of students and workers in Mendiola near Malacañang on January 30, 1970.
- A grenade was thrown at a Liberal Party gathering in Plaza Miranda, Quiapo on August 21, 1971.
- Series of bombings in Metro Manila from March 15 to September 11, 1972, suspected by the CPP-NPA.
- Ambush of the convoy of Juan Ponce Enrile, Secretary of National Defense on September 22, 1972.
Effects of Martial Law
- Positive effects include people avoiding littering, lower crime rates, youth going home early due to curfew, cleaner roads, and a slightly improved infrastructure.
- Infrastructures like San Juanico Bridge, Cultural Center of the Philippines, Lung Center, Heart Center, North Luzon, and South Luzon Expressway were established
- There was also the Green Revolution and land reform programs
- Negative effects include Marcos arresting political opponents, military abuse of power, suppressed human rights, and no freedom of expression.
- Productive sectors of the national economy were halted
Filipinos who experienced human rights violations during Martial Law
- Benigno Simeon "Ninoy" Aquino Jr.
- A senator and a critic of Marcos
- He was assassinated while disembarking at the Manila International Airport on August 21, 1983.
- Jovito R. Salonga
- He was arrested and imprisoned in Fort Bonifacio in October 1980 for allegedly conspiring to assassinate Marcos.
- Jose W. Diokno
- Jailed in Fort Bonifacio together with Ninoy Aquino
- Catalino "Lino" O. Brocka
- Accused of leading an illegal demonstration
- He was arrested and imprisoned but released after 16 days.
- Eugenio "Geny" M. Lopez Jr.
- Accused of conspiring to kill Marcos with Serge Osmeña
- He escaped from prison in 1977.
- Behn H. Cervantes
- Jailed with Lino Brocka for allegedly leading an illegal protest.
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