Martial Law and Fourth Republic in the Philippines
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Questions and Answers

During Martial Law in the Philippines, what was the significance of the suspension of the writ of habeas corpus?

  • It enhanced press freedom by removing restrictions.
  • It provided a fair trial process for those accused of crimes.
  • It granted individuals more political rights and civil liberties.
  • It led to the arrest and detention of individuals without proper court proceedings. (correct)

    • What aspect of society was significantly affected by President Marcos' control of mass media during Martial Law?

  • Political participation
  • Freedom of speech (correct)
  • Religious practices
  • Economic development

    • Which president declared Martial Law in 1972, leading to the establishment of the Fourth Republic in the Philippines?

  • Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
  • Ferdinand E. Marcos (correct)
  • Corazon Aquino
  • Benigno Aquino Jr.

    • What marked the post-EDSA period in the Philippines, starting from 1986 onwards?

    <p>A shift towards re-democratization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What served as the foundation of the transitory government during the restoration of democracy in the Philippines?

    <p>Freedom Constitution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year was a new democratic and republican government established in the Philippines with the ratification of a new constitution?

    <p>1987</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did Ferdinand Marcos announce the declaration of martial law in the Philippines?

    <p>September 21, 1972</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of instituting the Bagong Lipunan under Marcos' administration?

    <p>To establish a self-reliant society based on new social and political values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which constitutional amendment allowed Marcos to be both the president and prime minister simultaneously?

    <p>1981 Constitution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of government did the 1973 Constitution provide for the Philippines?

    <p>Modified parliamentary form of government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What governmental body was established instead of the National Assembly under Marcos' administration?

    <p>Batasang Pambansa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year was the 1973 Constitution amended to allow Marcos to stay longer in the presidency with greater powers?

    <p>1981</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When was the Philippines granted independence according to the Tydings-Mcduffie Act?

    <p>July 4, 1946</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system of government did the 1935 Constitution of the Philippines provide for?

    <p>Presidential and unitary system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the first president to be elected for a second term under the 1935 constitution?

    <p>Ferdinand Marcos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branches made up the bicameral legislature in the Philippines under the 1935 Constitution?

    <p>Senate and House of Representatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of government system was established in the Philippines post-independence?

    <p>Democratic with separation of powers and checks and balances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Filipino president declared Martial Law in the Philippines?

    <p>Ferdinand Marcos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Martial Law in the Philippines

    • The suspension of the writ of habeas corpus during Martial Law allowed the government to detain individuals without trial, significantly affecting civil liberties and dissent.
    • President Marcos' control over mass media resulted in the restriction of free expression and dissemination of information, limiting public discourse and opposition voices.

    Key Events and Changes

    • Martial Law was declared by President Ferdinand Marcos in 1972, leading to the establishment of the Fourth Republic.
    • The post-EDSA period, starting in 1986, marked the restoration of democracy in the Philippines after years of authoritarian rule.
    • The foundation of the transitory government during the transition back to democracy relied on the people power revolution and the 1987 Philippine Constitution.

    Constitutional Developments

    • A new democratic and republican government was established in the Philippines with the ratification of the 1987 Constitution.
    • Ferdinand Marcos announced the declaration of Martial Law on September 21, 1972, citing threats to national security as the reason.
    • The Bagong Lipunan was instituted to promote social reforms and development under Marcos' administration, presenting it as a new societal framework.

    Governance Structure

    • The 1973 Constitution allowed Marcos to serve simultaneously as both president and prime minister, consolidating power.
    • The government system under the 1973 Constitution was parliamentary, unlike the presidential system established by the previous constitution.
    • The National Assembly was replaced by a bicameral body called the Interim Batasang Pambansa, enabling Marcos to centralize legislative power.

    Constitutional Amendments and Independence

    • The 1973 Constitution was amended in 1981, allowing Marcos to extend his presidency and increase executive powers.
    • The Philippines was granted independence from the United States on July 4, 1946, as per the Tydings-McDuffie Act.
    • The 1935 Constitution established a presidential system of government in the Philippines.
    • Manuel L. Quezon was the first president to be elected for a second term under the 1935 Constitution, highlighting his popularity and leadership.
    • The bicameral legislature under the 1935 Constitution consisted of the Senate and the House of Representatives, establishing a framework for democratic governance.

    Government System Post-Independence

    • A unitary presidential system of government was established in the Philippines post-independence, aligning with democratic principles and providing central authority.

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    Learn about the history of Martial Law in the Philippines under the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos and its impact on society. Discover how Marcos' administration was characterized by agricultural productivity, infrastructure development, and diplomatic policies.

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