Marriage Trends in Industrial Societies
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Questions and Answers

What is the main reason for the increase in serial monogamy in modern times?

  • People are marrying at a later age, leading to more remarriages.
  • People are more accepting of having multiple partners.
  • Divorce rates have increased, leading to people having multiple marriages. (correct)
  • People are living longer and have more time for multiple marriages.

    • Which of the following statements about remarriages in the UK is TRUE?

  • Remarriages have been consistently increasing over the past 50 years.
  • The percentage of remarriages has remained stable over the past 50 years.
  • Remarriages peaked in the 1980s and have since slowly declined. (correct)
  • Remarriages have been steadily declining since the 1980s.

    • Which demographic factor contributes to the number of marriages in a given period?

  • The availability of housing.
  • The number of people in the peak age range for marriage. (correct)
  • The number of people in the workforce.
  • The rate of immigration.

    • What is the primary reason for the decline in the overall marriage rate in modern industrial societies?

    <p>People are getting married at a later age. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'baby boom generation'?

    <p>A generation that experienced a higher than average birth rate after World War II. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main implication of an aging population on marriage statistics?

    <p>It can have a decreasing effect on marriage statistics. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor contributing to the decline in marriage rates in modern industrial societies?

    <p>The rise of social media and online dating. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'serial monogamy'?

    <p>Marrying multiple times, but only one person at a time. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a factor that has been cited as contributing to the increase in cohabitation in recent years?

    <p>A decline in religious influence on society. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main argument put forward by Beck (1992) regarding the decline in marriage rates?

    <p>Individuals in postmodern societies are more hesitant to enter into marriage due to the potential risks and consequences of divorce. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reason cited for the increase in divorce rates during the 20th century?

    <p>Increased stigma associated with divorce. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'empty shell marriage' refer to?

    <p>A marriage where both partners are unhappy but remain together for financial reasons. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main argument put forward by Gillis (1985) regarding cohabitation?

    <p>Cohabitation is a relatively new phenomenon but it is based on traditional practices of common-law marriage. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reason cited for the increase in cohabitation?

    <p>Increased use of social media to connect with potential partners. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, what is the main reason why marriage rates have declined in recent years?

    <p>An increase in the number of people who choose to cohabit instead of marry. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between 'romantic love' and 'confluent love' as described in the context of marriage?

    <p>Romantic love is based on unconditional love, while confluent love is based on a balance of give and take. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a factor that can lead to a decline in divorce rates?

    <p>Greater social pressure to stay married. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main challenges in using statistics to understand trends in cohabitation?

    <p>Cohabitation is not legally recorded in the UK, making it difficult to collect accurate data. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main argument put forward by Smart and Stevens (2000) regarding the increase in cohabitation?

    <p>Cohabitation is becoming increasingly popular because it provides more flexibility and freedom than marriage. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is NOT mentioned as a potential influence on divorce rates?

    <p>Increased use of social media. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why divorce rates are more reliable to analyze than divorce numbers?

    <p>Divorce rates take into account the overall number of marriages, providing a more accurate picture of divorce trends. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main reasons why the average age of divorcees has increased?

    <p>People are delaying getting married until they are older. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main argument put forward about the influence of romantic identity on marriage?

    <p>Romantic identity leads couples to prioritize their individual needs and desires over the success of the marriage. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Marriage Rate

    The frequency of marriages occurring in a population over a specific period.

    Decline in Marriage

    A trend showing a reduction in the number of marriages over time.

    First Marriages in the UK

    The initial marriage of individuals, which has steadily declined in recent years.

    Remarriages

    Marriages that occur after a previous marriage has ended, either by divorce or death.

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    Serial Monogamy

    The practice of having multiple consecutive romantic partners, but only one at a time.

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    Baby Boom

    A significant increase in birth rates, often after events like wars, contributing to marriage peaks.

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    Demographic Changes

    Alterations in population structure that influence social behaviors like marriage.

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    Peak Periods for Marriage

    Specific age ranges when individuals are more likely to marry, influenced by population size.

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    Marriageable Population

    The group of people most likely to marry, typically defined by age and relationship status.

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    Decline in Marriage Rates

    A small reduction in the percentage of people marrying over the past 30 years.

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    Cohabitation

    Living together without legal marriage, often seen as an alternative to marriage.

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    Secularisation

    The decrease of religious influence on personal decisions, including marriage.

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    Female Financial Independence

    Women achieving economic self-sufficiency, reducing marriage pressure.

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    Empty Shell Marriage

    A marriage where the partners live together but are emotionally disconnected.

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    Changing Attitudes to Marriage

    Shift in perceptions about the importance and necessity of marriage.

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    Divorce Rates

    The percentage of marriages ending in divorce over a specific period.

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    Divorce Reform Act 1969

    Legal change allowing 'irretrievable breakdown' as grounds for divorce.

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    Confluent Love

    A form of love based on mutual benefit and exchanges.

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    Romantic Love

    Unconditional love where partners are emotionally committed to each other.

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    Legal Changes and Divorce

    Laws making divorce easier can increase its occurrence.

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    Stigma Attached to Divorce

    Social shame associated with divorce has decreased over time.

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    Delaying Marriage

    Choosing to postpone marriage to a later stage in life.

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    Cohabitation Statistics

    Data showing increases in couples living together without marriage.

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    Study Notes

    • Marriage rates and numbers have declined in modern industrial societies.
    • Later marriage ages and more people choosing not to marry contribute to this.
    • Remarriages have increased as a percentage, peaking around the turn of the 21st century and declining recently.
    • Serial monogamy (multiple partners lifetime, one at a time) has increased, primarily due to divorce.

    Demographic Influences on Marriage

    • Marriage rates in the UK spiked after WWII and during the 1970s.
    • 'Baby booms' following the war, with shortened time for family completion, led to temporary increases.
    • Age cohorts (groups) and their size influence marriage frequency. Increased numbers in a marriageable age group creates more marriage.
    • A larger elderly population in the UK, like many industrial societies, affects marriage figures.
    • Examining the marriageable population shows only a smaller decline in marriage rates over the last 30 years.

    Behavioral Influences on Marriage

    • Fewer social stigmas surround children outside marriage and reduced societal pressure to marry reduces marriage rates.
    • Women's increased financial and career independence impacts their decision to marry.
    • Marriage is more of a lifestyle choice than an economic necessity.
    • Cohabitation has risen as an alternative—often a precursor to cohabitation.
    • Secularization (religion losing influence) and fewer societal pressures contribute to lower marriage rates.
    • People now evaluate more objectively the risks and consequences of marriage influenced by divorce rates and outcomes.

    Cohabitation

    • Reliable cohabitation statistics are more recent (25 years) due to better survey methods.
    • Cohabitation rates increased from 10% (1986) to 25% (2006).
    • Higher cohabitation among younger couples (25-29) compared to the mid-1990s.
    • Proportion of cohabiting couples among all families has risen considerably (from 9% to 15% in the last 10 years).
    • Reasons for increased cohabitation include lessened social pressure to marry, falling stigmas, and better birth control.
    • Changing attitudes towards marriage, cohabitation as a test before marriage, convenience to separate, and/or feminist views are further factors.
    • Cohabiting couples may or may not ultimately marry.

    Divorce and Separation

    • Divorce rates rose significantly from the early to mid-20th century, peaking in the 1990s.
    • There's a decline in divorce rates in recent years but a doubling of re-divorces since 1981.
    • Divorced people are getting older due to later average marriage ages.
    • Increased marriages/divorces relate to a higher population of eligible/potential marriage partners.
    • Divorce statistics are influenced by changes in divorce laws (rules). For example, the 1969 Divorce Reform Act in the UK removed the need for specific 'fault' to justify divorce.
    • Secularization, reduced stigma, and greater life expectancy contribute to higher divorce rates.
    • Modern ideas about love and commitment factor into divorce—some may romanticize love/marriage which eventually leads to unhappiness.
    • Marriage viewed as a personal pursuit of happiness rather than a moral obligation creates expectations with risks of romantic love fading and conflict.

    Causes of Divorce

    • Easier/cheaper divorce laws lead to more divorces; however, this influences data reliability.
    • Reduced reverence for marriage as a sacred institution influences divorce rates.
    • Longer marriages due to increased life expectancy might strain relationships, increasing divorce risk.
    • Romantic love (unconditional) and confluent love (conditional for a purpose) are increasingly part of the reasons for marriage. Those based on romantic love fall apart due to the fading of this love.
    • Individuals seek personal happiness in marriage rather than moral commitment; often divorce is related to an expectation of a marriage experience not happening.

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    Description

    Explore the evolving patterns of marriage in modern industrial societies through demographic influences and societal changes. This quiz dives into the decline of marriage rates, increasing remarriages, and the impact of age cohorts on marriage frequency. Understand the complexities of serial monogamy and the historical context surrounding these trends.

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