30 Questions
What is the primary purpose of a markup language?
To provide instructions for rendering the document's structure
Which markup language served as the foundation for many subsequent markup languages?
SGML
When was HTML introduced as a markup language?
1990s
What does XML stand for?
Extensible Markup Language
Which markup language was initially based on SGML?
HTML
What did SGML provide a way to define?
Document structures
What is one key difference between XML and HTML?
XML is designed to be extensible and customizable, unlike HTML.
What was the primary aim of introducing XHTML?
To bring the benefits of XML to HTML documents.
What is the role of attributes in tags?
Attributes provide additional information about the element being defined.
Which of the following statements about XHTML is correct?
XHTML combined the syntax and features of HTML with the strictness and extensibility of XML.
What is the main purpose of tags in markup languages?
To define the structure, formatting, or behavior of content within a document.
Why was XML designed to be extensible and customizable?
To allow users to define their own markup languages.
What surrounds text content in HTML?
Opening and closing tags
Where is the HTML page title placed?
Within the head tag
What does the header of an HTML page describe?
The page's structure
Which extension is commonly used to save HTML files?
.html
What is HTML primarily focused on describing?
Structure and content of information
What is another term for each tag's name in HTML?
'Element'
In HTML, which attribute specifies the source of an image?
src
How should the
tag be closed in HTML?
Which book is referenced in the text with the example 'Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Book'?
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
What does the tag represent in HTML?
Horizontal rule
What additional information can some HTML tags contain, as mentioned in the text?
Attributes
Where should the 'alt' attribute be used in XHTML related to images?
Inside an anchor
Which HTML5 element provides a powerful way to draw graphics, animations, and interactive visualizations using JavaScript?
What does XML stand for?
Extensible Markup Language
In the context of XML and HTML, what was XML primarily designed for?
Data transport and storage
What feature of HTML5 allows developers to create vector-based graphics directly within web pages?
support
Which HTML5 form enhancement provides autocomplete suggestions and displays calculation results?
element
What key characteristic differentiates XML from HTML?
XML carries data while HTML is for multimedia content
Study Notes
Markup Languages
- A markup language is a system for annotating text documents, using tags or codes to specify structure and formatting.
- Examples of markup languages include HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) for web pages and XML (eXtensible Markup Language) for data representation.
Evolution of Markup Languages
- SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) emerged in the 1960s and 1970s as a standard for defining markup languages.
- HTML was introduced in the early 1990s as a markup language for creating hypertext documents on the World Wide Web.
- XML emerged in the late 1990s as a more flexible and customizable markup language than HTML.
- XHTML (Extensible Hypertext Markup Language) was introduced in the early 2000s, combining the syntax and features of HTML with the strictness and extensibility of XML.
Tags
- A tag is a specific element used to define the structure, formatting, or behavior of content within a document.
- Tags are enclosed within angle brackets ("").
- Tags can be either paired (opening and closing tags) or self-closing.
- Tags may include attributes, which provide additional information about the element being defined.
HTML
- HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) describes the content and structure of information on a web page.
- HTML is not the same as the presentation (appearance on screen).
- HTML surrounds text content with opening and closing tags, each with a name called an element.
- Basic structure: tags that enclose content, i.e., elements.
- HTML is saved with a .html extension.
Structure of an HTML Page
- The basic structure of an HTML page includes:
- Header that describes the page
- Body that contains the page's contents
- The title of the page is placed within the head of the page and displayed in the web browser's title bar and when bookmarking the page.
HTML Elements
- Headings: , , etc.
- Paragraphs:
- Horizontal rule:
- Image: (with src attribute specifying the source URL and alt attribute describing the image)
Attributes
- Some tags can contain additional information called attributes: syntax: content
- Example: Next page
Self-Closing Tags
- Some tags don't contain content and can be opened and closed in one tag: syntax:
- Example:
XML
- XML stands for eXtensible Markup Language.
- XML is a markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable.
- XML is a software- and hardware-independent tool for storing, transporting, and exchanging structured data.
Introduction to XML
- XML was designed to be a versatile and platform-independent way to store, transport, and exchange structured data.
- XML is a software- and hardware-independent tool for storing and transporting data.
Difference Between XML and HTML
- XML and HTML were designed with different goals: XML was designed to carry data, while HTML was designed to display data.
Test your knowledge on markup languages such as HTML and XML, used for annotating text documents to specify structure and formatting. Learn about tags, codes, and rendering instructions for web browsers.
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