Marketing Strategies in Indian Railways
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Questions and Answers

What was the primary reason for the Indian Railways establishing a marketing and sales organization in 1967?

  • To address the issue of declining rail traffic and the shift of high-profit cargo to road transport. (correct)
  • To improve passenger amenities and station facilities.
  • To expand railway infrastructure and build new stations.
  • To implement new government development programs regarding transport.

Which of these is NOT a core objective of the Railway's Marketing and Sales Organization?

  • To collaborate with other transport modes and retain current traffic.
  • To survey expected traffic and conduct market research.
  • To increase overall traffic and attract traffic lost to competitors.
  • To develop new safety regulations for railway operation. (correct)

What is the main purpose of the 'Intensive and comparative study of the market' conducted by the marketing and sales organization?

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of current advertising campaigns.
  • To design new uniforms for railway employees.
  • To plan the construction of new railway lines.
  • To analyze competitive transport options and understand market trends. (correct)

What specific actions are taken to address businessman concerns, as part of the functions of the marketing and sales organization?

<p>To organize meetings and resolve the problems of businessmen. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apart from attracting new traffic, what other strategy does the marketing and sales organization emphasize?

<p>Retaining existing traffic and attracting lost traffic back to railways. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these tasks is carried out by the marketing and sales organization to understand passenger needs?

<p>Surveying the general public on the quality of amenities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the marketing and sales organization keep information about government programs?

<p>To assess their competitive impacts and to align with their regulations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the General Purpose Wagon Investment Scheme (GPWIS), how is payment for freight services typically handled?

<p>Payment is conducted through an electronic payment system. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under the GPWIS guidelines, what is the typical means of terminating the wagon investment agreement before its full term?

<p>The agreement is terminated by providing a written three-month notice. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following wagon types may be covered under the General Purpose Wagon Investment Scheme (GPWIS)?

<p>Special purpose wagons exclusively designed for specialized freight. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the GPWIS, how are the rakes inducted under the scheme identified?

<p>They are identified through a distinct color scheme. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which incentive is offered under the GPWIS for freight on each loaded wagon?

<p>A rebate of 10 % on the base freight. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following initiatives is NOT directly related to the electronic handling or processing of freight?

<p>Simplification of Coal and Coke rates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was implemented to notify various routes for operation with increased carrying capacity?

<p>Notification of CC + 6 tonne &amp; CC + 8 tonne operation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is specifically aimed at increasing the capacity of rail freight?

<p>Manufacturing wagons with 25 Ton axle load (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these options is a step taken to improve Parcel Marketing?

<p>Teevra Gati Seva (TGS) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which initiative allows for private companies to operate container trains?

<p>To permit private container operators to operate container train (PCO) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a step taken in the field of Passenger Marketing?

<p>Refrigerated Van service (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which initiative was implemented for online ticketing specifically for unreserved travel?

<p>Unreserved Ticketing System (UTS) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a passenger service that was introduced to improve the comfort and speed of travel for specific categories of passengers?

<p>Introducing Garib Rath Trains (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature allows passengers to potentially get a confirmed seat on an alternate train if their original train is fully booked?

<p>Alternate Train Accommodation Scheme (ATAS) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the concession offered for transporting fly ash or bed ash in open wagons?

<p>20% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following packing conditions is NOT applicable to fly ash or bed ash when transported in a flat wagon?

<p>Loose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If all concessions are applied, what is the minimum chargeable freight for any consignment?

<p>NTR of class 100 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum standard weight allowed for a single bag of consignment?

<p>100 kg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for providing the tarpaulin for a consignment?

<p>The Consignor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of rake has a condition that the wagons must be supplied at the same time?

<p>Block rake (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum weight requirement when using wagons for which a standard rake size is not fixed?

<p>1400 tonnes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of rake specifically uses a covered wagon?

<p>Rake from two Originating Terminals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of concession is applied to a covered wagon carrying fly ash or bed ash?

<p>LR1 class on NTR (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of urea that is neem coated?

<p>30% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the freight rate applied to a wagon loaded with a single commodity?

<p>Train Load benefit as per para 2 of the commodity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a wagon is loaded with two different commodities, how is the freight charge calculated?

<p>Train load benefit as per para 2 of the higher class rate commodity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For a block rake, what is the limitation on the number of wagons when loaded with more than two commodities under rate c?

<p>Not more than 10 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a mini rake, what is the maximum number of wagons allowed when loaded with more than two commodities under rate c?

<p>5 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the freight rate applied to a block rake containing more than two commodities and not more than 20 wagons?

<p>Composite class Rate 130 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum number of wagons allowed for a mini rake under rate d when loading more than two commodities?

<p>10 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under which condition, the rates mentioned in the table does not apply?

<p>When the chargeable fare becomes less than the NTR of LR1. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these commodity combinations is not permissible for loading in a rake together?

<p>5 wagons under rule (c) together with 5 wagons under rule (d) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under which condition is cement and clinker excluded for commodities as per rule c?

<p>When loaded in Block rake or Mini Rake (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is Composite Rate 120 applied?

<p>When loaded with more than 2 commodities in not more than 10 wagons for block rake and not more than 5 for mini rake. Cement and Clinker excluded. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason for the diversion of rail transport to road transport according to the provided text?

<p>Rigid packing conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option best describes the primary focus of the Freight Incentive Scheme according to the text?

<p>To liberalize freight rebates for traffic in traditional empty flow direction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these transportation products involves the loading and movement of cargo from two different originating terminals?

<p>Rake from two Originating Terminals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a scheme implemented in the field of freight marketing?

<p>Electronic registration of passenger demand (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these options corresponds to a measure that directly addresses time-related inefficiencies in freight handling?

<p>Freight Operation Information System (FOIS) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apart from incentivizing loading in the traditional 'Empty Flow Direction', what other scheme encourages loading of bagged consignments in OPEN and FLAT wagons?

<p>Incentive scheme for loading bagged consignment in OPEN and FLAT wagon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these initiatives aimed at enhancing rail freight does not involve changes to the infrastructure or vehicle procurement?

<p>Uniformity in working hours and business hours (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a permissible combination of commodities for loading in a rake?

<p>5 (c) and 5 (d) together in a rake (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under which condition is the freight rate NOT applied as per the table?

<p>Wagon loaded with more than 2 commodities and exceeding the maximum wagon limit for block rake (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum number of wagons allowed for a mini rake when loading more than two commodities under rate 'c'?

<p>5 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which freight rate is excluded for cement and clinker when loaded with more than two commodities?

<p>Composite Class Rate 120 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the limitation on the number of wagons when loaded with more than two commodities under rate 'c' for a block rake?

<p>10 wagons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For which of these is the floor rate of 100 applicable?

<p>Spare parts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these commodities are restricted under the Cargo Aggregator (CG) Transportation Product?

<p>Slags (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum distance permitted for traffic under the 'Floor Rate' scheme?

<p>100 km (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which wagon type is NOT permitted for automobile traffic under the 'Floor Rate' scheme?

<p>BOXN group (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under the 'Floor Rate' scheme, what is the minimum traffic offer required?

<p>Half of the permitted stock (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what conditions is diversion or short delivery permitted for traffic booked under the 'Floor Rate' scheme?

<p>Force majeure circumstances, with approval (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key objective of the Cargo Aggregator (CG) Transportation Product?

<p>To expand the commodity basket on Railways. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distance restriction for the Cargo Aggregator (CG) Transportation Product?

<p>300 km (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which wagon type is permitted for the Cargo Aggregator (CG) Transportation Product?

<p>Covered wagons such as BCN / BCNA / BCNAHS group and BCNHL group (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis for calculating siding charges?

<p>Engine hour cost multiplied by average trip time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum time for which siding charges will be levied?

<p>One hour (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding shunting charges?

<p>Shunting charges rely on actual shunting time and AIEHC. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what condition are siding charges NOT levied?

<p>When the siding is used for IBP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are shunting charges computed when specific shunting time is set as per study?

<p>By applying the fixed shunting time to the AIEHC (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum distance allowed between two originating terminals for wagon booking?

<p>500 kms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum number of wagons required to be loaded from each originating terminal?

<p>10 wagons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if a customer cancels their indent after starting loading at another point?

<p>Entire freight for all wagons will be charged (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of supplementary charge applicable on base freight?

<p>5% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of the Engine On Load (EOL) scheme?

<p>Optimum utilization of rolling stock (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During loading and unloading, where does the engine remain under the EOL scheme?

<p>In the siding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What requirement exists for siding holders to operate under the EOL scheme?

<p>They must sign an agreement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the stipulated permissible free time for demurrage charges under the EOL scheme?

<p>Less than the normal rules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions must be met for wagon booking at train load class rates?

<p>Both terminals must be notified full or half rake terminals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key requirement for the loading/unloading facility at siding holders under the EOL scheme?

<p>It must adopt a round the clock work system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Marketing in Railways

The process of identifying and analyzing customers' needs, developing products and services to meet those needs, and promoting those products and services to generate sales.

Marketing and Sales Organization

A department that plays a crucial role in ensuring that railways remain competitive by understanding customer demands, developing marketing strategies, and fostering growth.

Survey of Expected Traffic

The process of identifying and analyzing the potential traffic that could be using the railway system.

Market Survey

The process of researching and understanding the transportation needs, preferences, and behaviors of potential and existing railway customers.

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Attracting Lost Traffic

The process of regaining customers who have shifted to other modes of transportation.

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Retaining Existing Traffic

The process of identifying and analyzing existing customer base, their needs, and potential for growth.

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Attracting New Traffic

The process of researching and understanding the types of goods and services that could be efficiently transported using railway networks.

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What is the GPWIS?

A program by the Indian Railways to encourage private investment in General Purpose Wagons (GPWs), aiming to increase freight traffic.

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Who can participate in GPWIS?

Private companies and organizations can invest in GPWs under the scheme, like producers, consumers, PSUs, Logistics providers, Port Owners, Mine Owners, and Wagon Leasing Companies.

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What is the applicability of GPWIS?

The scheme only applies to wagons procured under it after its commencement and not to previously owned wagons.

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How are GPWIS wagons maintained?

Wagons acquired under GPWIS are maintained by Indian Railways (IR) and are paid for by the wagon owners.

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What freight concessions are available under GPWIS?

Private wagons under GPWIS receive a 10% freight rebate for a maximum of 15 years, subject to the lease charges paid by IR to IRFC for procuring rolling stock.

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What is e-TRR?

Electronic transmission of railway receipts, replacing physical receipts with digital copies.

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What is e-Payment?

Allows online payment of freight charges, simplifying the payment process.

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What does 'To permit private container operators to operate container train (PCO)' mean?

Private container operators are authorized to operate container trains, increasing private sector participation in freight transportation.

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What is a Container Rail Terminal (CRT)?

Specialized facilities dedicated to handling containerized cargo, connecting rail lines and road networks for smooth logistics.

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What is a Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC)?

Dedicated railway lines built specifically for freight traffic, enhancing efficiency and speed.

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What is a Multi Modal Logistic Park?

Integrated logistics hubs combining various transportation modes like rail, road, and air for streamlined cargo handling.

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What is a Special Freight Train Operator (SFTO)?

Specialized operators who handle large volumes of freight on dedicated trains, offering efficient bulk transportation.

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What does 'Computerization of Reservation Office' entail?

Computerization of reservation offices, enabling online booking and management of train tickets.

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What is the Unreserved Ticketing System (UTS)?

A system offering electronic ticketing for unreserved train journeys, allowing passengers to purchase tickets without reservations.

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Open Wagon

A type of freight wagon suitable for transporting bagged, bulk, or loose materials like fly ash or bed ash.

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Flat Wagon

A type of freight wagon with a flat surface, typically used for transporting bagged materials like fly ash.

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Covered Wagon

A type of freight wagon with a covered top, used for transporting bagged materials like fly ash.

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Wagon Concession

A discount offered for transporting specific materials, like fly ash or bed ash, in different types of freight wagons.

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Minimum Chargeable Freight

The minimum freight charge applied, regardless of any concessions, based on a standard freight class.

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Standard Bag Size

A standard size for bags used to transport materials like fly ash, ensuring efficient loading and handling.

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Block Rake

A type of freight train consisting of a series of connected freight cars, typically used for transporting large volumes of materials like fly ash.

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Block Rake Minimum Weight

Minimum weight requirement for freight wagons when they are part of a block rake, ensuring efficient utilization of train capacity.

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Multi-point Rake

A type of freight train consisting of a series of connected freight cars, typically used for transporting specific goods from multiple origins.

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Rake from Two Originating Terminals

A type of freight train consisting of a series of connected freight cars, typically used for transporting a specific cargo from two different origins.

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Wagon loaded with a single commodity

A cargo loading scheme where a wagon is loaded with a single commodity. The freight rate is based on the Train Load benefit for the specific commodity, applied to each individual wagon.

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Wagon loaded with two commodities

A cargo loading scheme where a wagon is loaded with two different commodities. The freight rate is based on the higher Train Load benefit of the two commodities, applied to each individual wagon.

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Wagon loaded with more than two commodities

A cargo loading scheme where a wagon is loaded with more than two commodities. The freight rate is based on the Composite class rate, which depends on the number of wagons in the rake.

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Composite class Rate 120

A freight rate scheme that applies to wagons carrying more than two commodities, with a maximum of 10 wagons for a block rake and 5 wagons for a mini rake. The rate is based on the Composite class Rate 120.

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Composite class Rate 130

A freight rate scheme that applies to wagons carrying more than two commodities, with a maximum of 20 wagons for a block rake and 10 wagons for a mini rake. The rate is based on the Composite class Rate 130.

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5(c) along with 5(a) or 5(b)

A combination of cargo loading schemes where five wagons loaded with single or two commodities (schemes 'a' or 'b') can be combined with five wagons loaded with more than two commodities under Composite class Rate 120 (scheme 'c').

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5(d) along with 5(a) or 5(b)

A combination of cargo loading schemes where five wagons loaded with single or two commodities (schemes 'a' or 'b') can be combined with five wagons loaded with more than two commodities under Composite class Rate 130 (scheme 'd').

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5(c) and 5(d) cannot be combined

A rule prohibiting combining wagons loaded with more than two commodities under Composite class Rate 120 (scheme 'c') and Composite class Rate 130 (scheme 'd') in the same rake.

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Floor Rate

A minimum freight rate applied after all concessions are granted. This rate ensures that the final freight charge is not lower than the NTR of LR1.

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NTR of LR1

A freight rate scheme where the rate is based on the lowest permissible rate under the LR1 tariff.

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Siding Charges

Charges levied for using railway facilities to move wagons between the serving station and a siding, including placement and removal.

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Engine Hour Cost

The cost per hour of a locomotive used for operations.

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Average Trip Time

The time taken for a locomotive to travel from the serving station to a siding and back, including wagon placement/removal.

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Shunting Charge

A charge levied for railway locomotive use during shunting operations at a siding, regardless of the siding's freight charging method.

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All India Engine Hour Cost (AIEHC)

The cost per hour of a locomotive used for shunting operations, as determined by the Railway Board.

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Door-to-Door Service

Road transport offers direct pickup and delivery, providing greater convenience over railways' reliance on stations.

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Flexibility in Rates

Road transport companies have the flexibility to negotiate prices based on specific customer requirements and cargo types.

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Personal Supervision

Road transport allows for real-time monitoring and immediate action in case of any issues during transportation.

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Quick Settlement of Claims

Road transport typically involves quicker claim resolution processes, resulting in faster compensation for any damages.

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No Packing Condition

Road transport does not have the same stringent packing requirements as railways, allowing for easier loading and unloading of goods.

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No Restriction on Working Hours

Road transport operates with fewer restrictions on working hours, allowing for greater operational flexibility.

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Freight Incentive Scheme

The railway freight incentive scheme aims to attract and retain traffic by offering financial incentives for using railways, especially in specific directions.

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Cargo Aggregator (CG) Transportation Product

A transportation product aimed at aggregating cargo and expanding the commodity basket carried by Indian Railways.

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Train Load Scheme

A transportation scheme where the minimum offer for traffic needs to be half of the permitted stock.

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Engine on Load (EOL)

A system designed to optimize wagon utilization and minimize detention by keeping the engine attached to the train during loading and unloading.

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EOL Agreement

A condition where the owner of the siding has to agree to keep the engine on the train during loading and unloading.

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Permissible Free Time (EOL)

The time allowed for loading and unloading a wagon, which is shorter than the standard allowance to minimize wagon detention.

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Block Rake (Single Commodity)

A type of freight train consisting of wagons connected to carry a single commodity load.

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Supplementary Charge

5% extra charge on the base freight for certain types of freight transport.

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What is the freight rate for a wagon loaded with a single commodity?

A wagon carrying a single commodity is charged based on the Train Load benefit rate for that specific commodity for each wagon.

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How is the freight rate calculated for a wagon loaded with two commodities?

A wagon carrying two commodities is charged based on the Train Load benefit rate for the higher class rate commodity for each wagon.

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How is a wagon loaded with more than two commodities charged for a block rake or mini rake?

A wagon carrying more than two commodities is charged based on the Composite class Rate 120 for a block rake (max 10 wagons) or mini rake (max 5 wagons).

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How is a wagon carrying more than two commodities charged for a block rake or mini rake?

A wagon carrying more than two commodities is charged based on the Composite class Rate 130 for a block rake (max 20 wagons) or mini rake (max 10 wagons).

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Can wagons using Composite class Rate 120 and 130 be combined in the same rake?

You cannot combine wagons loaded with more than two commodities using Composite class Rate 120 and those using Composite class Rate 130 in the same train rake.

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What is the 'Floor Rate' used for?

After all freight discounts are applied, the final cost cannot be lower than the NTR of LR1.

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What is the NTR of LR1?

The NTR of LR1 is the lowest possible freight rate under the LR1 tariff scheme.

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What are the allowed combinations of wagons with different commodity types?

You can combine five wagons with single or two commodities (using 'a' or 'b' rates) with five wagons with more than two commodities using Composite class Rate 120 ('c' rate).

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What are the allowed combinations of wagons with different commodity types?

You can combine five wagons with single or two commodities (using 'a' or 'b' rates) with five wagons with more than two commodities using Composite class Rate 130 ('d' rate).

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What is the 'Wagon loaded with a single commodity' scheme?

This scheme focuses on a single commodity loaded into each individual wagon.

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Study Notes

Marketing and Sales Organization for Indian Railways

  • Railways in India started operations on April 16, 1853, between Boribundar and Thane.
  • Initially, railways did not focus on marketing but financial losses due to increased worker wages and operating costs and decreased market share prompted a sales and marketing strategy.
  • A Railway Marketing and Sales Organization was formed in 1967.
  • Objectives included researching the reasons for the decrease in railway's market share and diversion to road transport.
  • The objective was to increase rail traffic and attract lost customers.
  • Functions involved market surveys, meetings with stakeholders, solution of business problems, creating new marketing schemes and suggesting changes in rates and rules.
  • Railways had initial monopoly in the transportation market.
  • After independence, five-year transportation plans were introduced and road development accelerated.

Objectives

  • Survey of expected traffic
  • Market surveys
  • Attracting lost traffic towards railways
  • Increasing traffic
  • Maintaining current traffic
  • Coordination with other transport modes
  • Attracting new traffic

Reasons For Reduced Rail Transport

  • Increased operational costs
  • Rising salaries for employees
  • Profitable commodities shifting to road transport
  • Road transport's advantages like door-to-door delivery, customer choice, flexible rates, personal supervision, faster settlement of claims, no packing restrictions, and flexible business hours.

Freight Incentive Schemes

  • Objective: Increase traffic, revenue, attraction and increase railway earnings.
  • Incentives: 20% and 15% concession for traffic booked between inter-zonal and intra-zonal directions. The discounted base rates would be at or above established standards.
  • Additional concessions for inter-zonal traffic at 15%, minimum rates would adhere to standard rates.
  • Freight incentive schemes include liberalized automatic freight rebate, cargo aggregators, and incentive schemes for loading bagged consignments in open/flat wagons.

Freight Marketing Steps

  • Freight Incentive Scheme: Liberalized automatic freight rebate for traditionally empty flows, cargo aggregators, and incentive schemes for loading bagged consignments in open/flat wagons.
  • Transportation Product: Block rake, mini rake, multi-point rake, rake from multiple originating terminals, including rakes from two originating terminals.

Parcel Marketing Steps

  • Leasing of SLR, Millennium Parcel Service, Teevra Gati Seva, Parcel Cargo Express Trains (PCET)
  • Simplification of parcel rates, Leasing of VPU & VPH, Computerization of parcel service
  • Refrigerated van service and online registration of lease holders.

Passenger Marketing Steps

  • Computerization of reservation, Unreserved ticketing, Railway travel agent (RTSA) schemes.
  • Tatkal and premium tatkal travel options.

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Marketing and Sales Organization PDF

Description

Explore the evolution of marketing and sales strategies implemented by Indian Railways since its inception in 1853. This quiz covers the formation of the Railway Marketing and Sales Organization in 1967 and its objectives to attract traffic back to railways. Test your knowledge on the various functions and efforts made to increase market share and coordinate with other transport modes.

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