Marketing Positioning and Sustainability Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of the SWOT analysis mentioned in the positioning process?

  • Evaluating the logistics of product distribution
  • Assessing the brand's external and internal environment (correct)
  • Identifying financial performance metrics for the brand
  • Determining customer satisfaction levels
  • Which component is NOT part of the brand identity according to the positioning framework?

  • Brand pricing strategy (correct)
  • Brand mission
  • Brand purpose
  • Brand equity
  • What does a sustainable Product-Service System (PSS) aim to address?

  • Maximizing product sales and market share
  • Improving brand recognition through advertising
  • Reducing production costs and increasing efficiency
  • Social and environmental challenges (correct)
  • What is the objective of defining a targeting strategy in the positioning process?

    <p>To identify and segment potential customer groups (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the Business Model Canvas in the context of sustainable PSS?

    <p>A framework that outlines key business components and relationships (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in defining the competitive universe?

    <p>Identify possible competitors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of a competitive universe, what should be considered alongside product categories?

    <p>Market needs and usage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of the competitive universe?

    <p>The entire industry of wearable technology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason consumers might choose sustainable products?

    <p>Perceived positive impact on the planet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the reference universe considered important?

    <p>It facilitates understanding market positioning options. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential limitation of focusing solely on sustainable attributes in positioning?

    <p>They may be perceived as less effective (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When Apple launched its first wearable device, how did it categorize its product?

    <p>As a traditional watch (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are sustainable attributes often perceived as vague or ambiguous?

    <p>They are experiential and not observable before purchase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a suggested way to integrate sustainability into product positioning?

    <p>Reassure consumers about performance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct sequence of steps in the positioning process?

    <p>Define the universe, assess competitors, select position, state position (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'belief-based' attributes in sustainable products?

    <p>They are often subjective and not easily identified (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be assessed when looking for competitors in the reference universe?

    <p>Competitors' points of differentiation and similarities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes a point of differentiation?

    <p>An aspect that sets a product apart from others (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are sustainable products often wrongly perceived in comparison to conventional products?

    <p>They are seen as less effective (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do brands need to take regarding performance when promoting sustainable attributes?

    <p>They should highlight guarantees of success (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic often correlates with sustainable attributes and affects consumer perception?

    <p>Performance perception as low compared to conventional options (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the environmental part of the Triple Layered Business Model Canvas focus on?

    <p>Actions undertaken to manage environmental consequences (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is NOT included in the Triple Layered Business Model Canvas?

    <p>Brand loyalty and customer engagement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Triple Layered Business Model Canvas view the use of materials?

    <p>Material reuse is considered important for sustainable practices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the Triple Layered Business Model Canvas, what primarily affects the shipment and distribution processes?

    <p>The organization’s energy efficiency and material management (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does functional value creation play in the Triple Layered Business Model Canvas?

    <p>It encompasses all activities needed to create value without harming the environment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a positioning statement for a brand?

    <p>To differentiate the brand from competitors in the market (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is essential for creating a positioning strategy?

    <p>Full diagnosis of market and company (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a new product-service system concept highlight according to the guidelines?

    <p>Social, environmental, and economic benefits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are described in the 'Pain Relievers' section of the Value Proposition Canvas?

    <p>How the product addresses customer pain points (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the 'Gain Creators' section in the Value Proposition Canvas?

    <p>Creating added value for the customer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy is commonly involved after market segmentation?

    <p>Targeting specific market segments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key focus area mentioned in building a Positioning statement?

    <p>Customer problems and needs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the Value Proposition Canvas specifically addresses negative emotions?

    <p>Pain Relievers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the Value Proposition Canvas, what do Pain Relievers aim to avoid?

    <p>Undesired costs and situations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a part of a successful marketing positioning strategy?

    <p>Implementing aggressive sales tactics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What format is required for the submission of the first draft report?

    <p>Word document in PDF format (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines a Gain Creator?

    <p>A component that enhances customer experience (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions is part of defining the brand's positioning strategy?

    <p>Identifying target customer segments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Value Proposition Canvas, what type of value do Gain Creators provide?

    <p>Added value (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Value Proposition Canvas primarily aim to achieve?

    <p>Clarify customer pain and gain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of the Value Proposition Canvas communicates the products that meet customer needs?

    <p>Pain Relievers and Gain Creators (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    SWOT Analysis

    A strategic planning method used to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats involved in a project or in a business venture.

    Brand Equity

    The commercial value that derives from consumer perception of a brand name.

    Product-Service System (PSS)

    A system encompassing the product or service and all its interactions with the customer or user.

    Market Segmentation

    The process of dividing a broad customer base into sub-groups of consumers based on shared characteristics.

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    Business Model Canvas

    A strategic management tool used to express a company's business model.

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    Competitive Universe

    The set of products or services that customers naturally compare against a given product or service. Often considered the closest competition.

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    Identify Competitors

    Find potential competitors within the competitive universe used as a reference.

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    Closest Competitors

    The 3 most direct competitors or groups of competitors from the reference universe.

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    Points of Differentiation

    Features or characteristics that set competitor products apart from each other and your own product.

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    Similarities

    Shared characteristics or common factors amongst competitors and you.

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    Positioning

    Define your product's place in the market against competing products.

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    Market vs. Product Approach

    Consider customers' needs and use cases (market approach), and not just the product itself (product approach), when defining your competitive universe.

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    Reference Universe Importance

    The universe of products helps your business position its product correctly against comparable products in the market.

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    Sustainable attributes

    Altruistic, social, or biospheric benefits that differentiate a product from competitors and influence consumer preferences.

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    Positioning on sustainability

    A marketing strategy that focuses on sustainable attributes as a key differentiator.

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    Intangible attributes

    Characteristics that are difficult to observe or measure, like eco-friendliness.

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    Correlational similarities

    Connections between sustainable attributes and other aspects, potentially positive or negative.

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    Vague and ambiguous attributes

    Sustainable features that are unclear or uncertain to consumers.

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    Performance concerns

    Consumer perceptions that sustainable products might be less effective than conventional options.

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    Integrating sustainability in positioning

    Strategies to combine sustainability with performance claims to reassure consumers.

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    Example of integrated positioning

    A product name or branding that combines eco-certifications (e.g., European ecolabel) with claims of efficiency.

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    Triple Layered Business Model

    A business model that considers the environmental impact of products and production processes, beyond just the core product.

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    Environmental part (of business model)

    The actions a company takes to manage its environmental impact, particularly concerning material reuse and energy consumption related to the production of the product.

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    Material Reuse

    Managing how materials are reused across the product life cycle.

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    Energy Consumption

    The quantity of energy used in the process of making a product (across its whole life cycle).

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    Functional Value

    The value created by the materials and production processes that directly contribute to the finished product.

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    Positioning Statement

    A concise description of your brand's unique value proposition, outlining what it offers, who it serves, and how it differs from competitors.

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    Value Proposition

    The unique benefits or advantages your brand offers to customers, solving their needs and problems in a distinctive way.

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    Target Audience

    The specific group of people your brand aims to reach with its products or services, sharing common characteristics and needs.

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    Competitive Advantage

    What sets your brand apart from competitors in terms of features, benefits, or perceived value.

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    Segmentation & Targeting Strategy

    Dividing the market into distinct groups based on shared characteristics, then focusing marketing efforts on the most relevant ones.

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    Market Analysis

    A thorough examination of the market landscape including customer behavior, trends, competitors, and opportunities.

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    Economic, Social, Environmental Benefits

    Measurable positive impacts your brand's product or service has on the economy, society, and the environment.

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    Value Proposition Canvas

    A tool to visualize how your product or service fulfills customer needs and delivers value.

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    Pain Relievers (Value Prop Canvas)

    Features of your product or service that address customer challenges, needs, and pains, offering solutions to their negative emotions, undesired costs, or avoidable situations.

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    Gain Creators (Value Prop Canvas)

    Features of your product or service that create customer gains, offering added value and enhancing their experience.

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    Environmental Layer (Triple Layered)

    The actions a company takes to manage its environmental impact, focusing on material reuse and energy consumption throughout the product's life cycle.

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    Study Notes

    Marketing Management Reconsidered - Session 4: Positioning

    • Positioning is the strategic choice of key elements in a value proposition
    • A strong positioning enables a product or service to stand out in the market and in customers' minds.

    Sessions and Group Projects

    •  Session 1 (October 3): Introduction to marketing management in a constrained world
    • Session 2 (October 15): Brand management: How to manage a brand sustainably?
    • Session 3 (October 17): Segmentation & Targeting
    • Session 4 (October 18): Positioning
    • Session 5 (October 22): Mix Product: designing a sustainable offer
    • Session 6 (October 23): Mix Price: implementing a responsible pricing strategy
    • Session 7 (November 4 or 7): Mix Distribution: designing an inclusive and sustainable distribution strategy
    • Session 8 (November 7 or 8): Mix Communication: implementing a responsible communication strategy
    • Session 9 (End of November / Beg of December): Final Individual Exam (Quiz)
    • Session 10 (December 12): Final Presentations of Group Projects

    What is Positioning?

    • Positioning is the strategic choice of key elements in a product or service value proposition.
    • This enables the product or service to stand credibly, attractively, and uniquely in its own market.
    • Brand policy is different from brand image; the former is broader and richer, while the latter is the knowledge, beliefs, and associations the public has with an offering.

    Why Position Your Offering?

    • Prevents customer from doing it themselves or not doing it at all (i.e., choosing a competitor's product)
    • Plays a crucial role in customer purchasing decisions
    • Keystone of the marketing mix and condition for its coherence.
    • Guarantee of continuity for the product or service, acting as lever to take action but also as constraint to any changes or evolution of the market.

    Pillars of Positioning

    • Economically profitable
    • Difficult to imitate in short and long term
    • Simple, clear, concise
    • Long lasting
    • Credibility

    Positioning Process

    • Define the competitive universe as a reference.
    • Identify competitors in the reference universe and select the three closest competitors or groups of competitors.
    • Assess the competitors' points of difference and similarities.
    • Select a position.
    • State the position.

    Competitive Universe

    • The products to which a given offer will be naturally compared
    • Usually a product category
    • Consider market segments vs product categories

    Importance of Reference Universe

    • Apple launching its watch
    • Minute Maid's fruit juice positioning

    Choosing Competitors to Analyze

    • Think about usage rather than the product itself.
    • Define a market's product segmentation criteria (e.g. the expected benefits, socio-demographic criteria).
    • Identify the top competitors who are leaders in the market, and competitors whose positioning is similar to what you want to consider (2-4 competitors).
    • Analyze the characteristics of these competitors' offer mix to understand their respective positioning.

    Points of Difference vs. Points of Similarity

    • Similarity: Associated with the brand's mental associations in its competitive universe. Includes the product category, (expectations of the category), correlational similarities (positive or negative correlations to other attributes)
    • Difference: Must be strongly associated with the brand and positively judged by consumers, but not found at the same level of the competitor, relevant for the company, achievable by the company, differentiating against competitors.

    Making Sure Points of Difference are Value Drivers & Sources of Competitive Advantages

    • Ensure that these points of difference are valuable and drive competitive advantages.

    Blue Ocean Strategy

    • Compete in existing market space, beat competition, exploit existing demand to achieve value cost trade-off
    • Create uncontested market space, make competition irrelevant, create and capture new market demand to break from value-cost trade-off.

    The Blue Ocean Canvas

    • Visual tool to analyze value positioning of products or services with various examples (Circuses, Hotels, Wine)

    The Antes vs Drivers Matrix

    • Step 1: Make a list of every aspect of the company's product or service offering.
    • Step 2: Evaluate each statement in terms of how different it is from competitors' offerings and its importance to the target audience.
    • Step 3: Map these statements using a grid (with extreme similarity and extreme importance as the axes). Create separate grids for economic impact and benefits, and social impact and benefits.

    Other Mappings to Identify Points of Similarity & Difference

    • Semantic scales
    • Value Assessment Map
    • Perceptual Map (examples for tv, drinks, and amusement parks are provided)

    Possible Differentiation Axes

    • Product performance/features/benefits
    • Brand imaginary (against competitor, against a market, or another product type)

    Different Levels of Differentiation

    • Product attributes
    • Benefits to consumers
    • Company value

    Differentiate on Sustainability?

    • Some brands capitalize on altruistic/social or biospheric benefits to differentiate and create preference with consumers.
    • Consumers may prefer a product that positively affects the planet.

    Limits of Positioning Focused Solely on Sustainable Attributes

    • Sustainable attributes are often intangible (vague, ambiguous, remote from the self )
    • Correlational similarities can be positive (kindness) or negative (low performance).

    Integrating Sustainability into Positioning

    • Reassure consumers regarding the performance of sustainable products.
    • Sustainable attribute as one element, associate it with ego-centric benefits, (e.g. green bundling or triple value propositions)

    Qualities of Effective Positioning

    • Simple
    • Attractive
    • Credible
    • Different
    • Profitable
    • Long-lasting

    How to State the Positioning Statement

    • Format: [Product/offer X] is/proposes [product category] with [characteristics] which allows [target] to [expected benefit(s)].

    How to Test the Effectiveness and Relevance of Positioning?

    • First Step: Filtering ideas internally (criteria like target size, feasibility, innovative benefit, competition, and brand fit.
    • Second Step: External Test (Qualitative - focus groups & interviews; Quantitative – questionnaires).

    Workshop #4

    • Define triple-layered Business Model Canvas
    • Value Proposition Canvas
    • Build Blue Ocean Canvas
    • Antes vs Drivers Matrix for the sustainable Product-Service System.
    • Create a Positioning Statement for the brand.

    Work-in-Progress Submission

    • Report is due by October 20th
    • Includes diagnosis, new product idea benefits, segmentation, positioning strategy.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on key concepts in marketing positioning, especially in the context of sustainable Product-Service Systems (PSS). This quiz covers topics such as SWOT analysis, brand identity, targeting strategies, and the Business Model Canvas. Enhance your understanding of how sustainability impacts consumer choices and competitive positioning.

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