Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of these frequencies does a pilot switch to on approach to an airport?
Which of these frequencies does a pilot switch to on approach to an airport?
The Glideslope frequency is automatically selected when switching to the LOC frequency.
The Glideslope frequency is automatically selected when switching to the LOC frequency.
True (A)
What type of navigation techniques can be used to maneuver the aircraft onto the approach course?
What type of navigation techniques can be used to maneuver the aircraft onto the approach course?
Conventional navigation techniques or radar guidance from air traffic control.
The outer marker beacon or a VOR intersection can be used as a turning point in a ______.
The outer marker beacon or a VOR intersection can be used as a turning point in a ______.
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Which of these is NOT a marker beacon used in the approach phase of flight?
Which of these is NOT a marker beacon used in the approach phase of flight?
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Airway Markers transmit a low-pitched signal.
Airway Markers transmit a low-pitched signal.
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Match the marker beacons with their corresponding colors:
Match the marker beacons with their corresponding colors:
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What is the purpose of Fan Markers?
What is the purpose of Fan Markers?
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What is the distance of the Outer Marker (OM) from the runway threshold?
What is the distance of the Outer Marker (OM) from the runway threshold?
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The Inner Marker (IM) is a beacon commonly found in civilian airports.
The Inner Marker (IM) is a beacon commonly found in civilian airports.
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What is the purpose of the marker beacons?
What is the purpose of the marker beacons?
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The ______ beacon is located at 3500 ft from the runway threshold.
The ______ beacon is located at 3500 ft from the runway threshold.
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What types of lights are used to identify the marker beacons?
What types of lights are used to identify the marker beacons?
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Match the marker beacons with their corresponding distances from the runway threshold:
Match the marker beacons with their corresponding distances from the runway threshold:
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If the transmitted power of a marker beacon falls below 50% of normal, the airport controller will be notified.
If the transmitted power of a marker beacon falls below 50% of normal, the airport controller will be notified.
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How are pilots informed of their position along the landing path using marker beacons?
How are pilots informed of their position along the landing path using marker beacons?
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What are the three types of markers in the Marker Beacon system?
What are the three types of markers in the Marker Beacon system?
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The main purpose of the Marker Beacon system is to indicate to the pilot that the airplane is passing over a particular geographical position.
The main purpose of the Marker Beacon system is to indicate to the pilot that the airplane is passing over a particular geographical position.
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What frequency do the marker beacon stations transmit their signals?
What frequency do the marker beacon stations transmit their signals?
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The Outer Marker is used for points along an __________ landing path.
The Outer Marker is used for points along an __________ landing path.
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Match the following marker types with their functions:
Match the following marker types with their functions:
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What does the Middle Marker (MM) signal signify during the landing approach?
What does the Middle Marker (MM) signal signify during the landing approach?
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The Outer Marker (OM) beacon is located at 4 nm from the runway threshold.
The Outer Marker (OM) beacon is located at 4 nm from the runway threshold.
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What tone is emitted when the Middle Marker is identified?
What tone is emitted when the Middle Marker is identified?
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The __________ beacon helps in holding the aircraft on the descent path.
The __________ beacon helps in holding the aircraft on the descent path.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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What tone activates the blue outer marker light?
What tone activates the blue outer marker light?
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The outer marker is identified when the amber light comes on.
The outer marker is identified when the amber light comes on.
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What frequency tone is emitted when passing over an airway marker?
What frequency tone is emitted when passing over an airway marker?
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The middle marker is indicated by a __________ light and a 1300 Hz tone.
The middle marker is indicated by a __________ light and a 1300 Hz tone.
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Which component converts VHF signals to an aural output in the marker beacon system?
Which component converts VHF signals to an aural output in the marker beacon system?
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Match the tone frequencies with their respective marker lights:
Match the tone frequencies with their respective marker lights:
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The marker beacon system is turned on when the airplane electrical buses are not energized.
The marker beacon system is turned on when the airplane electrical buses are not energized.
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What happens to the indicators and lights associated with the marker beacon system when the appropriate circuit breaker is closed?
What happens to the indicators and lights associated with the marker beacon system when the appropriate circuit breaker is closed?
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What is the primary function of Approach Lights?
What is the primary function of Approach Lights?
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Runway Edge Lights extend to the full length of the runway.
Runway Edge Lights extend to the full length of the runway.
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How far do Touchdown Zone lights typically cover on the runway?
How far do Touchdown Zone lights typically cover on the runway?
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The ________ lights show the aircraft's touchdown area.
The ________ lights show the aircraft's touchdown area.
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Match the following lighting systems with their purpose:
Match the following lighting systems with their purpose:
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What is the approximate power density at the airport marker if a 10 kW transmitter is located 10 nm away?
What is the approximate power density at the airport marker if a 10 kW transmitter is located 10 nm away?
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The distance indications for localizer and glideslope antennas are exact and do not vary.
The distance indications for localizer and glideslope antennas are exact and do not vary.
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What frequency does the aircraft marker beacon receiver system typically use?
What frequency does the aircraft marker beacon receiver system typically use?
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Flashcards
OM (Outer Marker)
OM (Outer Marker)
Position marker located 4 nautical miles from the runway threshold.
MM (Middle Marker)
MM (Middle Marker)
Position marker located 3500 feet from the runway threshold.
IM (Inner Marker)
IM (Inner Marker)
Position marker located 250 feet from the runway threshold.
Morse Code Identification
Morse Code Identification
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Beacon Light Colors
Beacon Light Colors
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Transmitter Power Monitoring
Transmitter Power Monitoring
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Modulation Percentage
Modulation Percentage
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Final Approach Monitoring
Final Approach Monitoring
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Approach Lights
Approach Lights
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Runway Edge Lights
Runway Edge Lights
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Touchdown Zone Lights
Touchdown Zone Lights
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Runway Centreline Lights
Runway Centreline Lights
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Marker Beacon System
Marker Beacon System
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Power Density Calculation
Power Density Calculation
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Localizer Antenna
Localizer Antenna
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Glideslope Antenna
Glideslope Antenna
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VHF Omni Range (VOR)
VHF Omni Range (VOR)
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Localizer (LOC)
Localizer (LOC)
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Glideslope
Glideslope
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Marker beacon
Marker beacon
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Fan marker
Fan marker
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Angle of approach
Angle of approach
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Coded signal
Coded signal
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Holding pattern
Holding pattern
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Outer Marker (OM)
Outer Marker (OM)
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Middle Marker (MM)
Middle Marker (MM)
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Inner Marker (IM)
Inner Marker (IM)
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Marker Beacon Frequency
Marker Beacon Frequency
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Instrumentation Landing System (ILS)
Instrumentation Landing System (ILS)
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Automatic Direction Finding (ADF)
Automatic Direction Finding (ADF)
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Flight Warning Computer (FWC)
Flight Warning Computer (FWC)
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400 Hz Tone
400 Hz Tone
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1300 Hz Tone
1300 Hz Tone
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3000 Hz Tone
3000 Hz Tone
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VHF Signal Characteristics
VHF Signal Characteristics
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Airway Markers
Airway Markers
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Outer Marker Location
Outer Marker Location
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Middle Marker Purpose
Middle Marker Purpose
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Study Notes
Marker Systems
- Marker systems are used on final approaches to runways
- Outer Marker (OM), Middle Marker (MM), and Inner Marker (IM) are common categories
- Markers transmit a 75 MHz RF signal modulated with audio tones for identification. (400Hz, 1300Hz, or 3000Hz)
- Locations of markers from the runway threshold are categorized in a table.
Marker Beacon System
- Purpose: Informs the pilot of location over a particular geographical position along an air route or instrument landing path.
- Markers are often categorised into Outer Marker (OM), Middle Marker (MM), and Inner Marker (IM).
- Outer Marker (OM) is generally 4 nautical miles from runway threshold
- Middle Marker (MM) is usually 3500 feet from runway threshold
- Inner Marker (IM) is typically 250 feet from runway threshold
Marker Beacon Principle
- Visual representation of the marker beacon in relation to the runway and other instruments like a localizer and glideslope.
- The outer marker (blue light, 400Hz tone) is furthest from the runway.
- The middle marker (amber light, 1300Hz tone) is between the other two.
- The inner marker (white light, 3000Hz tone) is closest to the runway.
Marker Operation
- Pilots use VHF Omni Range (VOR) frequency, Localizer (LOC), and Glideslope for approach to airports
- Pilot can use conventional navigation or radar from air traffic control for approach.
- Pilots are sometimes instructed to enter a holding pattern.
Marker Beacon System (Airborne)
- Aircraft have marker beacon receiver systems with RF amplifier and a detector
- Audio frequencies (400, 1300, or 3000Hz) are interpreted by the receiver system, activating lights (outer blue, middle amber, or inner light white lights) in response.
- Tones are sent through audio to the cockpit/headset
- These tones aid in identifying the station.
Airport Lighting Indicators
- Runway Visual Range (RVR) needs to be at least 1200 feet for Category II approach.
- Category II approach requires certified equipment, training, and special conditions.
- Airports certified for Category II approaches have stricter standards for localizers and glideslope transmissions.
- Runway lights are classified into sequenced, flashing, and other types based on function (Approach, Runway Edge, Touchdown Zone, Centreline)
Marker System Interface
- Pilot selects the Instrument Landing System (ILS) mode by changing the frequency on the control unit.
- Outer Marker guides aircraft descent.
- Middle Marker assists in making decisions on landing or missed approach.
- Inner marker is rarely at civilian airports (not on every airport)
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Description
This quiz explores marker systems utilized in aviation, particularly on final approaches to runways. It covers the functions and specifications of Outer, Middle, and Inner Markers as well as their transmission signals. Understand how these markers aid pilots during landing procedures.