Marine Biology Echinoderms Flashcards

Questions and Answers

The madreporite and anus are both located on the -------- surface of a starfish.

aboral

What is a pincher-like structure that keeps the surface of some echinoderms free of organisms?

pedicellarie

What are the network of water-filled canals found only in echinoderms that provide water pressure to run the tube feet?

Water Vascular System

The mouth, tube feet, and ambulacral groove are all located on the ------ surface.

oral Signup and view all the answers

Starfish have -------- fertilization; that means sperm and egg join outside the body in the ocean.

External Signup and view all the answers

The ---------- encircles the starfish's mouth and connects the stone canal to the radial canals in the arms.

ring canal Signup and view all the answers

All echinoderms are ------; that means they live in oceans (salt water).

marine Signup and view all the answers

The ----------- connects the madreporite to the ring canal.

stone canal Signup and view all the answers

The nerve that encircles the mouth of a starfish is called the -------.

nerve ring Signup and view all the answers

Starfish have ---------- which make bile and absorb nutrients just like clams do.

digestive gland Signup and view all the answers

The ---------- stomach stays inside the body in a starfish and is connected to the digestive glands and anus.

pyloric Signup and view all the answers

What are small calcium carbonate plates that make up the endoskeleton of an echinoderm?

ossicle Signup and view all the answers

Pigmented eyespots on the tips of each starfish arm can sense what?

Light and dark Signup and view all the answers

Echinoderms have a winged larva called a --------.

bipinnaria Signup and view all the answers

The name echinoderm comes from the Latin word meaning?

"spiny skin" Signup and view all the answers

What is a trench that runs along the ventral surface of the starfish's arms and holds the tube feet?

ambulacral groove Signup and view all the answers

What stomach is closest to the mouth and is extruded outside the body during feeding?

cardiac Signup and view all the answers

What is the sieve-like opening into the water vascular system on the aboral surface of a starfish called?

madreporite Signup and view all the answers

What are small flexible fluid-filled tubes found on the oral surface that are used in locomotion, grabbing food, and gas exchange?

tube foot Signup and view all the answers

Echinoderms are ---------------------- because even though they have no backbone, their blastopore becomes their anus.

Invertebrate deuteromes Signup and view all the answers

The larva in a starfish has ------ symmetry.

bilateral Signup and view all the answers

Adult seastars have -------- symmetry.

radial Signup and view all the answers

------------ symmetry is a special kind of radial symmetry seen in 5-armed starfish.

pentameral Signup and view all the answers

Starfish have ---------, the ability to "self-amputate" body parts, which they can use to escape predators.

autonomy Signup and view all the answers

The ability to regrow lost body parts is called ----------.

regeneration Signup and view all the answers

The bulb-like sac at the base of the tube foot, which squeezes to control the amount of water moving in the foot, is called an ---------.

ampulla Signup and view all the answers

Echinoderms have an ------------ inside their body made of ossicles.

endoskeleton Signup and view all the answers

Match the following structures with their functions:

Madreporite = Sieve-like opening for water entry Ring canal = Connects stone canal to radial canals Tube foot = Used for locomotion and feeding Ossicle = Calcium carbonate plate making up endoskeleton Signup and view all the answers

Match the following body parts with their locations:

Pyloric stomach = Inside body, connected to digestive glands Ambulacral groove = Runs along ventral surface Stone canal = Connects madreporite to ring canal Radial canal = Found inside ambulacral ridge Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Autonomy = Self-amputation of body parts Regeneration = Ability to regrow lost body parts Bipinnaria = Winged larva of echinoderms Pedicellariae = Pincher-like structures on echinoderms Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Echinoderm Anatomy and Physiology

Madreporite and anus located on the aboral surface of a starfish.
Structures called pedicellariae keep echinoderm surfaces free from organisms.
The Water Vascular System consists of canals providing pressure to operate tube feet.
Mouth, tube feet, and ambulacral groove are located on the oral surface.
Starfish undergo external fertilization, allowing sperm and egg to join in ocean water.
Ring canal surrounds the starfish's mouth, linking the stone canal to radial canals in its arms.
All echinoderms are marine, adapted to life in saltwater environments.
Stone canal connects the madreporite to the ring canal.
The nerve ring encircles a starfish's mouth, coordinating movement and responses.
Digestive glands in starfish produce bile and aid in nutrient absorption.
The pyloric stomach stays internal, connected to digestive glands and anus.
Echinoderm endoskeleton consists of ossicles, small calcium carbonate plates.
Pigmented eyes on starfish arms sense light and dark.
The larval form of echinoderms is known as bipinnaria.

Echinoderm Classification and Features

The term echinoderm originates from Latin, meaning "spiny skin."
Ambulacral groove runs along the ventral surface of arms, housing the tube feet.
The cardiac stomach is extruded outside the body during feeding.
Madreporite serves as the sieve-like opening to the water vascular system on the aboral surface.
Tube feet, fluid-filled structures on the oral surface, are used for locomotion, food grasping, and gas exchange.
Echinoderms are classified as invertebrate deuterostomes, where the blastopore becomes the anus.
Starfish larvae exhibit bilateral symmetry, while adults display radial symmetry.
Pentameral symmetry characterizes the radial symmetry in five-armed starfish.

Echinoderm Regeneration and Adaptability

Autonomy refers to the ability of starfish to self-amputate body parts for predator avoidance.
The process of regrowing lost body parts is called regeneration.
The ampulla, a bulb-like sac at the base of tube feet, regulates water movement in the foot.
Echinoderms possess an endoskeleton made of ossicles that provides structural support.
The radial nerve and radial canal are found within the ambulacral ridge, contributing to function and movement.
Fleshy skin extensions near starfish spines, known as skin gills, are involved in gas exchange, nitrogen waste excretion, and osmoregulation.

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Description

Test your knowledge of echinoderms with these flashcards. Each card covers essential terminology and concepts related to their anatomy and physiology. Perfect for students of marine biology or those preparing for exams.