40 Questions
Which of the following accurately describes the contribution of anaerobic energy systems during high-intensity exercise?
A) Anaerobic energy systems contribute significantly to ATP production during high-intensity exercise.
What is the process of lipolysis?
C) The process of breaking down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol.
What is the recommended intake of protein for the body?
B) 1 gram per kilogram of body weight per day.
What is the role of lipids and protein in exercise performance of varying intensity?
C) Lipids and protein are important energy sources during low-intensity exercise.
What is Maximal Accumulate Oxygen Deficit (MAOD)?
D) The maximum amount of oxygen that can be accumulated during exercise.
Which of the following is not a classification of fatty acids?
Branched chain
What is the recommended intake of protein per kilogram of body weight for an athlete?
1.8g/kg
Which of the following is not a role of lipids in the body?
Muscle contraction
What is the relationship between workload and intensity during high-intensity exercise?
Workload decreases as intensity increases
What is the process of protein catabolism?
Proteolysis
During high-intensity exercise, which fuel source is preferred by the body?
Glycogen
What happens when there is insufficient carbohydrate being processed in the body?
Lipids are converted into ketones
What are the side effects of ketosis?
Low energy
What percentage of energy does fat provide during rest and light exercise?
80-90%
What stimulates Hormone Sensitive Lipase (HSL) during exercise?
Epinephrine, Norepinephrine and Growth Hormone
What is the recommended daily intake of lipids?
Less than 30% of total daily intake should be lipids
Which of the following is a by-product that must be converted to urea and removed in urine during protein catabolism?
Ammonia
What is the process of removing the amine group from an amino acid called?
Deamination
What is the role of the Krebs cycle in energy production from macronutrients?
It produces energy from all macronutrients
What is the primary role of proteins in the body?
Structural support for hair, nails, and skin
What are the essential amino acids required by the body?
8 amino acids that the body cannot synthesize
What is the recommended daily intake of protein for athletes?
1.2-1.8g/kg body mass
Which of the following is a correct statement about lipids?
Phospholipids are a type of dietary lipid
Which of the following correctly describes the hydrophilic end of a fatty acid?
It is attracted to water
Which of the following is a correct statement about muscle fiber types?
Athletes in power sports tend to have a predominance of slow-twitch oxidative fibers
During beta-oxidation, how many cycles are required to completely break down a 20-carbon fatty acid?
10 cycles
Which of the following is NOT a bioenergetic metabolic pathway to produce ATP?
Krebs cycle
How many ATP molecules are used in the activation of a fatty acid during beta-oxidation?
2 ATP
What is the predominant energy source for the first 5-7 seconds of high-intensity exercise?
ATP-PCr system
For each acetyl-CoA that enters the Krebs cycle during beta-oxidation of palmitate, how many FADH2 molecules are produced?
1 FADH2
What is the process by which excess macronutrients are stored in the body?
Lipogenesis
What is the main difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
Saturated fatty acids have single bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids have double bonds between carbon atoms
What is the process of triglyceride formation?
Condensation (dehydration) that cleaves off a water molecule
What is the main function of high-density lipoproteins (HDL)?
To remove cholesterol from the arterial wall and deliver it to the liver
What is the fate of glycerol released during lipolysis in adipose tissue?
It is converted into 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde and used in glycolysis as a source of energy production
What is the role of albumin in transporting free fatty acids in the blood?
Albumin is a protein that shuttles free fatty acids around the body in the blood to the tissues where they are required for energy production or storage
What is the process of beta-oxidation during fatty acid metabolism?
Pairs of carbon atoms are removed from a fatty acid to form acetylCoA that can enter the Krebs Cycle
Which macronutrient is the primary source of fuel for the glycolytic system during exercise?
Carbohydrate
What happens to the excess hydrogen ions (H+) produced during exercise when the NAD+ carriers become overwhelmed?
They are dropped off to pyruvate, which converts to lactic acid and then lactate and H+
Why is it important to regularly replenish glycogen stores by eating carbohydrates?
To prevent the accumulation of lactate and H+ ions in the muscles
Topic 16: Test your knowledge on Maximal Accumulate Oxygen Deficit (MAOD) and Anaerobic Capacity. Learn about the relationship between workload and intensity, the contribution of anaerobic energy systems during high-intensity exercise, and how to conduct a MAOD assessment and interpret the results. Topic 17: How much do you know about Substrate Utilisation? Test your understanding of the role, function, recommended intake of lipids (fats) and protein in the body,
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