Manure Management Systems

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of an isolated pen when it comes to cow welfare?

To promote efficient diet allocation

To provide protection from weather and predators

To isolate the cow for at least one day after calving (correct)

To optimize labor efficiency

Which component of a dairy house is responsible for the storage and transportation of feed?

Milking system

Cattle working system

Waste handling system

Feeding system (correct)

What is a critical factor in determining the suitable type of housing for a dairy farm?

Personal preference of the farmer

Size of the herd

Climate

All of the above (correct)

Which type of dairy facility confines cattle in a stanchion or tie-stall with most system components in the same building?

Conventional stall barn Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the waste handling system in a dairy house?

To handle and manage animal waste Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of a good management program in dairy farming?

Proper record keeping Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a milking system in a dairy house?

To facilitate efficient milking and milk storage Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical component of a dairy house that ensures the health and well-being of cattle?

Veterinary program Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of stall layout where animals are fed, milked, and lounged in the same stall?

It provides better protection from adverse climatic conditions Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between stanchion stalls and tie stalls?

Tie stalls contain a neck tie fastened to a curb, offering more freedom than stanchion stalls Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of free-stall barns?

They offer more freedom of movement for the cows and reduce the risk of injury Signup and view all the answers

How are manure handled in solid manure systems?

It is allowed to evaporate or drain away, and then scraped periodically Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of having separate areas for milking, feeding, and lounging in free-stall barns?

It provides cleanliness and minimal wastage of bedding Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the face-out system in stall layout?

It allows for easier milking and cleaning Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a solid manure spreader?

To fertilize pasture Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum capacity of a holding tank in a conventional liquid system?

3 month-worth of liquid manure Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the first pond in a lagoon system?

To allow sedimentation of solid particulates Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of anaerobic lagoon systems?

They produce methane gas as a source of fuel Signup and view all the answers

What is an important factor to consider when planning for housing structures on a farm?

The site and location of the structure Signup and view all the answers

Why should buildings be constructed in an east-west direction on a farm?

To lessen heat stress Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of strategic placement of barn waste disposal?

To ease the removal of manure and feed refusals Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected lifespan of farm buildings?

20 years or more Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Manure Handling Systems

Solid manure spreader is used to fertilize pasture.
Liquid systems treat liquid manure with less than 15% total solids.
Conventional liquid systems collect manure in a holding tank and periodically haul it with a liquid spreader or pump it out daily through an irrigation system.
Holding tank should have a minimum capacity of 3 months' worth of liquid manure.

Lagoon Systems

A lagoon is made to collect daily waste and water run-off from the farm.
It is a series of 1 to 2 pond-like structures designed to treat livestock wastewater for a specified period of time, usually 6 to 12 months.
Anaerobic lagoon utilizes bacteria in the absence of oxygen to treat wastewater.
Stabilization due to anaerobic bacteria produces methane gas that can be a source of fuel.
Aerobic lagoon requires a shallow depth for oxygen to penetrate the entire system.

Factors to Consider in Planning for Housing

A suitable planning and structural layout is required since there is a huge capital investment involved.
Consider the site/location of the structure to be built, it should be elevated for good drainage and situated at the center of feed resources.
Buildings should be constructed in an east-west direction to lessen heat stress.
Strategic placement of barn waste disposal is essential for ease of removing manure and feed refusals.
The cow should be taken care of by placing it in an isolated pen at least one day after calving.

Breeding Record

Proper record keeping is a prerequisite of a good management program.
Tally important information such as birth date, calfhood diseases and medications, dates in heat, breeding and calving dates, and sire/dam identification.

Veterinary Program

Dairyman must provide the husbandry, sanitation, and management needs.
Veterinarians are essential for providing medical attention.

Animal Houses

Animal houses are built to provide protection from weather and predators, promote efficient diet allocation, ease proper milking, provide comfort to the animal and herdsman, and optimize labor efficiency.
Several factors affect the suitable type of housing in a particular area, such as climate, size of the herd, condition, and layout of pre-existing housing system, cost, and personal preference of the farmer.

Components of a Dairy House

A dairy herd house should contain the milking system, feeding system, waste handling system, resting or lounging area, cattle working system, confining system, areas for replacement herd and other animals, and service areas.

Types of Dairy Facilities

Conventional stall barn: cattle is confined in a stanchion or tie-stall with most of the system components constructed in the same building.
Free-stall barns: have separate areas for milking, feeding, and lounging, unlike conventional type, cows are not bound inside the stall and are free to roam around the feeding and lounge areas.

Stanchion vs Tie Stall

Stanchion stalls have a yoke-fastened top and bottom that is free to swing.
Tie stalls contain neck tie fastened to a curb which offer more freedom than stanchion stalls.

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Description

Learn about different manure management systems used in agriculture, including solid manure spreader, liquid systems, and lagoon systems. Understand how each system works and their application in fertilizing pastures.