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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of an isolated pen when it comes to cow welfare?
Which component of a dairy house is responsible for the storage and transportation of feed?
What is a critical factor in determining the suitable type of housing for a dairy farm?
Which type of dairy facility confines cattle in a stanchion or tie-stall with most system components in the same building?
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What is the primary function of the waste handling system in a dairy house?
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What is a key aspect of a good management program in dairy farming?
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What is the main purpose of a milking system in a dairy house?
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What is a critical component of a dairy house that ensures the health and well-being of cattle?
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What is the advantage of stall layout where animals are fed, milked, and lounged in the same stall?
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What is the main difference between stanchion stalls and tie stalls?
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What is the main advantage of free-stall barns?
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How are manure handled in solid manure systems?
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What is the main benefit of having separate areas for milking, feeding, and lounging in free-stall barns?
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What is the purpose of the face-out system in stall layout?
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What is the primary purpose of a solid manure spreader?
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What is the minimum capacity of a holding tank in a conventional liquid system?
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What is the purpose of the first pond in a lagoon system?
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What is the advantage of anaerobic lagoon systems?
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What is an important factor to consider when planning for housing structures on a farm?
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Why should buildings be constructed in an east-west direction on a farm?
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What is the importance of strategic placement of barn waste disposal?
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What is the expected lifespan of farm buildings?
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Study Notes
Manure Handling Systems
- Solid manure spreader is used to fertilize pasture.
- Liquid systems treat liquid manure with less than 15% total solids.
- Conventional liquid systems collect manure in a holding tank and periodically haul it with a liquid spreader or pump it out daily through an irrigation system.
- Holding tank should have a minimum capacity of 3 months' worth of liquid manure.
Lagoon Systems
- A lagoon is made to collect daily waste and water run-off from the farm.
- It is a series of 1 to 2 pond-like structures designed to treat livestock wastewater for a specified period of time, usually 6 to 12 months.
- Anaerobic lagoon utilizes bacteria in the absence of oxygen to treat wastewater.
- Stabilization due to anaerobic bacteria produces methane gas that can be a source of fuel.
- Aerobic lagoon requires a shallow depth for oxygen to penetrate the entire system.
Factors to Consider in Planning for Housing
- A suitable planning and structural layout is required since there is a huge capital investment involved.
- Consider the site/location of the structure to be built, it should be elevated for good drainage and situated at the center of feed resources.
- Buildings should be constructed in an east-west direction to lessen heat stress.
- Strategic placement of barn waste disposal is essential for ease of removing manure and feed refusals.
- The cow should be taken care of by placing it in an isolated pen at least one day after calving.
Breeding Record
- Proper record keeping is a prerequisite of a good management program.
- Tally important information such as birth date, calfhood diseases and medications, dates in heat, breeding and calving dates, and sire/dam identification.
Veterinary Program
- Dairyman must provide the husbandry, sanitation, and management needs.
- Veterinarians are essential for providing medical attention.
Animal Houses
- Animal houses are built to provide protection from weather and predators, promote efficient diet allocation, ease proper milking, provide comfort to the animal and herdsman, and optimize labor efficiency.
- Several factors affect the suitable type of housing in a particular area, such as climate, size of the herd, condition, and layout of pre-existing housing system, cost, and personal preference of the farmer.
Components of a Dairy House
- A dairy herd house should contain the milking system, feeding system, waste handling system, resting or lounging area, cattle working system, confining system, areas for replacement herd and other animals, and service areas.
Types of Dairy Facilities
- Conventional stall barn: cattle is confined in a stanchion or tie-stall with most of the system components constructed in the same building.
- Free-stall barns: have separate areas for milking, feeding, and lounging, unlike conventional type, cows are not bound inside the stall and are free to roam around the feeding and lounge areas.
Stanchion vs Tie Stall
- Stanchion stalls have a yoke-fastened top and bottom that is free to swing.
- Tie stalls contain neck tie fastened to a curb which offer more freedom than stanchion stalls.
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Description
Learn about different manure management systems used in agriculture, including solid manure spreader, liquid systems, and lagoon systems. Understand how each system works and their application in fertilizing pastures.
