Manufacturing Resource Design Quiz
45 Questions
3 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of product design in manufacturing?

  • Arrangement of machines in the facility
  • Determination of resource types and amounts
  • Determination of manufacturing operations and tools (correct)
  • Calculation of machine efficiency
  • Which formula correctly represents the Machine Requirements Problem?

  • X = (P imes U) / (H imes t ext{ min})
  • X = (P imes H) / (t imes U)
  • X = (t ext{ min} / 60) imes (P / hu) (correct)
  • X = (t imes P) / (60 imes H)
  • How does the Template Shuffling Approach handle resource layout problems?

  • Through geometric replicas arranged by trial and error (correct)
  • Using mathematical models to deduce optimal layouts
  • By ranking layouts based on quantitative data
  • By using automated simulations for layout optimization
  • What characterizes the Relationship Chart Approach to resource layout problems?

    <p>A qualitative formulation based on adjacency desirability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of resource design, which aspect is NOT determined?

    <p>Visual appeal of resources (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of purchasing?

    <p>To obtain goods and services at reasonable prices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of after-sales service?

    <p>Returns and repairs management (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of contract logistics, what does 4PL stand for?

    <p>Logistics Integrator (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the ABC analysis primarily focus on?

    <p>Raw material categorization by importance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reason for outsourcing logistics activities?

    <p>Improved product quality (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of purchasing cost is typically attributed to product quality?

    <p>45% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two key elements of purchasing?

    <p>Strategic sourcing and operative procurement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is NOT part of the core process in purchasing?

    <p>Quality assurance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of production synchronous delivery?

    <p>It relies on cycle time-based production processes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a prerequisite for production synchronous delivery?

    <p>Inventory carryover from previous orders (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes Just In Time (JIT) delivery?

    <p>Involves staging production factors at the time they are needed. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of using Just In Time (JIT) delivery?

    <p>Breakdowns can disrupt the entire value adding chain. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the consignment concept entail?

    <p>Suppliers are responsible for managing the customer's warehouse. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the advantages of Just In Time (JIT) delivery?

    <p>Avoidance of redundant quality controls. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines Just in Sequence (JIS) delivery?

    <p>Vendor parts are assembled and delivered directly to the assembly line. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the letter code 'X' indicate about the adjacency of two departments?

    <p>The two departments should not be adjacent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is essential for the successful implementation of Just In Time (JIT) delivery?

    <p>Continuous material and information flows. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which code represents departments that are marginally beneficial to be located adjacent?

    <p>O (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents an 'essential' requirement for department adjacency?

    <p>A (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key objective when evaluating different layouts in a material flow system?

    <p>To find the layout with the highest score (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT considered a decision variable in material flow planning?

    <p>Duration of planning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In production planning and control, what aspect must be coordinated across departments?

    <p>Demand and supply (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'frequency' refer to in planning?

    <p>The number of planning executions per time unit (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a planning unit?

    <p>A fraction of time within the planning horizon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of logistics within a company?

    <p>Maintaining material flow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of supply chain management?

    <p>To integrate planning and control of goods, information, and monetary flows (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the '6 R's' in logistics?

    <p>Right objects, quantity, place, time, quality, costs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is procurement logistics primarily characterized?

    <p>It manages the relationship with suppliers and raw materials (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect does logistic efficiency directly relate to?

    <p>Optimizing product and information flow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of production logistics?

    <p>Managing supplier negotiations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'trade-off' refer to in the context of logistics?

    <p>Evaluating opportunity cost in decision-making (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is crucial in the procurement logistics process?

    <p>Supplier management (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Kraljic Portfolio Matrix?

    <p>To classify commodities/supplies based on organizational weaknesses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which product classification is characterized by stable consumption and rare fluctuations?

    <p>X Items (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of categorizing products to ABC based on demand, what does 'Threshold Value' refer to?

    <p>A predefined point to classify products based on their cumulative percentage of demand (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order of steps to use when analyzing products with respect to their demand predictability?

    <p>Input Data -&gt; Calculate CoV -&gt; Order CoV -&gt; Decide Threshold -&gt; Categorize Products (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Kraljic Portfolio Matrix, what characterizes Strategic Items?

    <p>High profit impact and high supply risk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done periodically in the matrix analysis process?

    <p>Decide whether to move purchases to different quadrants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a Bottleneck Item?

    <p>Items that have stable demand and low availability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Coefficient of Variation (CoV) express in demand analysis?

    <p>The fluctuation and predictability of demand (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Supply Chain Management

    The integrated planning and control of goods, information, and monetary flows throughout the entire value chain, from supplier to customer.

    Logistics

    Optimizing, planning, and controlling the efficiency of material and information flow within a company or between companies.

    Procurement Logistics

    The process of obtaining suitable goods and services from suppliers at the right price and time.

    Production Logistics

    Handles the processes of using available production resources to create products to fulfill distribution requirements.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Supply Chain

    A network of companies working together to create a product or service.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Trade-off

    The concept of choosing one option over another by selecting the best fit from all available choices.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    6 Rights of Logistics

    Delivering the right product, in the right quantity, to the right place, at the right time, with the right quality, at the right cost.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Logistics 6Rs

    A set of principles in the logistics field which guides the strategy of a logistics department for optimal results.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    After-Sales Service (Orientation)

    Providing services to customers after delivery of a product, including returns, repairs, and spare parts distribution.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Strategic Sourcing

    Finding, selecting, contacting and contracting suppliers.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Operative Procurement

    Ordering, expediting, and following up orders with suppliers.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    ABC Analysis (Material Categorization)

    Classifying materials based on their purchase volume value and quantity; 'A' items are most important, 'C' items are least important.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    4PL (Logistics)

    A logistics integrator or "Lead Logistics Provider" that takes on much of a company's supply chain.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Outsourcing (Contract Logistics)

    Employing another logistics company for part of or all of a company's logistics needs.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Purchasing's Function

    Obtaining the most suitable goods and services at cheapest prices, delivered on time and where needed.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Purchasing Objects

    Raw materials and semi-finished products.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Kraljic Portfolio Matrix

    A matrix that categorizes commodities/supplies based on their profit impact and supply risk.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Profit Impact

    Measures the value of a commodity/supply to the business based on purchase volume, cost percentage, and impact on product quality/business growth.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Supply Risk

    Evaluates the potential disruption of a supply source based on availability, supplier count, competitor demand, storage, etc.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    XYZ Analysis

    Categorizes products based on consumption predictability.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    CoV (Coefficient of Variation)

    A measure of demand predictability, calculated by dividing standard deviation by the mean.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Strategic Items

    High profit impact, high supply risk items.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Leverage Items

    High profit impact, low supply risk items.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Bottleneck Items

    Low profit impact, high supply risk items.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Product Design vs. Resource Design

    Product Design focuses on what you're making (type, features, materials), while Resource Design focuses on how you'll make it (machines, tools, space).

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Machine Requirements Calculation

    A formula to calculate the number of machines needed based on production time, product demand, machine efficiency, and available work hours.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Template Shuffling Approach

    A manual method for placing machines in a factory by physically moving template models to find the best layout, but not very precise.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Relationship Chart Approach

    A visual method to decide which machines should be near each other based on how well they work together.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Production Synchronous Delivery

    A supply chain model without inventory buffers. Suppliers deliver directly to the customer based on production schedules.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Just-In-Time (JIT) Delivery

    A continuous flow of materials and information, minimizing inventory, needing quality assurance, and scheduled deliveries.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Just-In-Sequence (JIS) Delivery

    Parts are delivered to the assembly line in the correct order, just when needed.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Consignment Concept

    The supplier manages the inventory at the customer's warehouse.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Sourcing on Demand

    Procurement for individual customer orders as they arise.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Prerequisites for JIT Delivery

    Strong partnerships, agreements, flexible demands, advance information, quality control, and process improvement.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Double Inventory Cost

    Both the supplier and customer need inventory, leading to twice the cost.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Impact of Procurement Models on Stock Keeping

    Different procurement models affect where and how much inventory is held in the supply chain.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Desirability Code

    A letter code used to represent the level of importance of adjacency between two departments in a facility layout.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Adjacency Score

    A numerical rating derived from the desirability code, indicating the importance of placing departments next to each other.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Material Flow Problem

    A problem in facility layout that involves optimizing material flow paths and handling systems to minimize transportation costs and time.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Travel Aisle Layout

    The configuration of the pathways used for transporting materials within a facility.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Pickup and Delivery Stations

    Designated locations within a facility where materials are received and shipped.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Production Planning and Control (PPC)

    The process of allocating resources (labor, materials, facilities) to orders in terms of time and volume.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Planning Horizon

    The period of time for which a production plan is considered valid.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Planning Frequency

    The number of times a production plan is revised or updated within a given time period.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Study Notes

    General Logistics - Introduction (Class 1)

    • Lectures: 5 ECTS, Labs: 2.5 ECTS
    • Written Exam: 2/3%, Group Projects: 1/3%, Bonus 1/3 based on 70% bonus assignment score
    • Bonus Assignments: 2 homework assignments, 3 quizzes per lecture
    • Group Project: Main Project (50%), Excel Homework (30%), Assignments (20%)
    • Materials Needed: Pencil
    • Project Materials: Cedar Logs (Northwest, US), Graphite (Sri Lanka), Rapeseed oil (Indonesia), Zinc and copper (China), Castor beans (East Africa), Pumice (Italy), Sulfur Chloride, Aluminum (China), Candelilla Wax (Mexico), Clay (Mississippi), Aluminum Hydroxide
    • Topics Covered: Logistics, Product and Information Flow, Supply Chain Management (SCM)

    General Logistics - Class 2

    • Supply Chain: A network of companies working together for a product or service.
    • Supply Chain Management: All companies involved in a supply chain.
    • Trade-offs: Involve Opportunity Cost.
    • Logistics: Optimizing planning, control, and material and information flow within a company or between multiple companies.
    • Logistics Goal: Delivering the right items (6 R's) in the right quantity to the right place at the right time, in the right quality, for the right cost.
    • Integrated planning and control of goods, information, and monetary flows throughout the value-added chain, from supplier's supplier to customer's customer.

    Production Logistics

    • Orientation: connecting procurement and distribution logistics.
    • Objects: Semi-finished goods in the process of value adding.
    • Function: Utilizing available production capacities and producing products for distribution logistics.
    • Processes: Organizational logistics, layout planning, production planning, and control.
    • Targets: Short throughput time, high due date reliability, low inventory level, and high resource utilization (human and machinery).

    Distribution Logistics

    • Orientation: reaching the customer.
    • Object: finished goods
    • Function: ensuring the current management of goods from production to the customer.
    • Processes: Order processing, warehousing, and transportations.
    • Criteria for Evaluation: Cost, time, and environmental factors.
    • Operational steps: Picking, packaging, storing, and transport using various options (road, airway, water, rail).

    Disposal Logistics

    • Orientation: managing the flow of objects in reverse (reverse logistics/reverse supply chain).
    • Object: Used, damaged, and waste materials
    • Function: Returning, recycling, and disposing of materials at the end of their useful life.

    After-Sales Logistics

    • Orientation: providing services after product delivery.
    • Object: Spare parts
    • Function: Ensuring the use of products throughout their life cycle.
    • Processes: Managing returns, repairs, and distributing spare parts.
    • Spare Parts: Distribution network

    Contract Logistics

    • Outsourcing: Companies outsourcing logistics to another company for core competencies, increased flexibility, and cost-effectiveness.
    • Sustainable Co-operation: Contract basis for long-term work-sharing between companies.

    Class 3 (Purchasing, Sourcing, and Procurement)

    • Orientation: Interaction with suppliers
    • Objects: Raw material and semi-finished goods
    • Function: Acquiring goods and services at fair prices.
    • Core Processes: Market research, requirements planning, make-or-buy decisions, supplier management, ordering, and order monitoring.
    • Strategic Sourcing: Finding, selecting, contracting, and managing suppliers.
    • Operative Procurement: Ordering, Expediting, and Following Up
    • Material Categorization: ABC analysis (based on purchase volume/value), prioritizing important items.

    ABC Analysis:

    • Prioritization of purchasing items based on their value and importance
    • Steps: listing purchases by order, analyzing risk and complexity, positioning each item on the matrix, and adjusting the system periodically

    XYZ Analysis:

    • Classifies items based on the predictability of demand.

    Kraljic Portfolio Matrix

    • Categorization of commodities based on profit impact and supply risk.

    Strategic Sourcing:

    • Finding, selecting, and contracting suppliers.
    • Focus on core competencies and cost effectiveness.

    Operative Procurement:

    • Ordering, expediting, and following up on orders.
    • Focus on order execution and efficiency

    Class 4: Global Sourcing

    • Benefits: Reduced purchasing costs, increased revenue, improved market access, and competitive advantage.
    • Risks: Total cost of ownership, transportation risks, quality, exchange rate fluctuations, and other logistical concerns
    • Global sourcing barriers: Trade barriers, information problems, currency volatility, local issues, time issues, relationship issues, and customs and taxes.

    Single Sourcing

    • Advantages: reduced cost, standardization, and quality.
    • Disadvantages: Dependence on a single provider and lower innovation potential.

    Multiple Sourcing

    • Advantages: Reduced risk and increased competition.
    • Disadvantages: Increased coordination and communication requirements

    Parts Sourcing

    • Supplier to manufacturer for parts procurement.
    • Focuses on Module or System Supplier connections.

    Modular Sourcing

    •Module supplier •Modular delivery

    Components and Systems Procurement

    • Simplified and standardized for managing various factors & procurement quantities.

    Competitive Bidding and Negotiating

    • Competitive Bidding involves high volumes and clear requirements and conditions
    • Negotiation focuses on missing competitive bidding requirements, requiring early supplier involvement and substantial lead time

    Supplier Evaluation

    • Criteria for evaluating suppliers, including core competence, requirements, production capacity, autonomy, market power, and costs, and capital requirements
    • Methods: Break even analysis, Make-or-buy portfolio, Investment appraisal, and cost-benefit analysis

    Reasons for In-House Manufacturing

    • Cost Efficiency: In-house can be cheaper
    • Expertise and Resource Utilization :Boosts overall knowledge
    • Overhead Cost Management: Improves capacity utilization
    • Precision Control: Critical in complex production
    • Control Benefits: Enhances control over variables
    • Transport Challenges: Production can be easier and cost effective when near the customer.
    • Secrecy: Provides safeguard on intellectual property
    • Independence: Reduces reliance on external providers

    Reasons for outsourcing Manufacturing

    • Cost efficiency.
    • Resource constraints
    • Investment unattractive
    • Risk management
    • Technology and resource advantage

    Class 5: Supply Relationship Management

    • Inventory Problem: Capital tied up, warehouse space (cost related)
    • Benchmarking
    • Transactional Purchasing: Short-term, emphasis on price, quality, and delivery
    • Relationship Purchasing: Long-term, collaboration, emphasis on various factors.
    • Reverse auctions not applicable for relationship purchasing

    Relationship Formation - Supplier Integration:

    • One-night stand (competitive leverage)
    • Regular Date (preferred suppliers)
    • Going steady (performance partnership)
    • Living together (strategic alliances)
    • Marriage (co-business integration)

    The Bensaou Model (Supplier/Buyer relationship model)

    • Based on specific investments by both supplier and buyer
    • Four types (Captive buyer, Market exchange, strategic partnership, and captive supplier).

    Operative Procurement

    •Sourcing on Demand: The request for single item production from an unsteady/sporadic demand situation. •Order-only-with-customer-demand: Delivery times are associated with customer orders. •Production synchronous delivery: Customer determines frequency and quality Stock Holding

    • Customer and procurement markets are decoupled by buffers

    Class 6-Production Planning and Control (PPC)

    •Functions to allocate resources (human labor and production facilities) to items (products, material) in terms of time and volume. •Scheduling point of view: resources and material must be planned in terms of volume and time. •Delivery point of view : delivery date must be planned—planning volume and time limit. •General Terms of Planning: Setting a horizon (the period of time for planning), and the frequency of planning execution for a given period). •Closing date, duration of planning, and objects. •Rolling Horizon Planning –Frozen Period, Roll Period

    Class 7-Demand Forecasting

    • Estimating future demand levels using specific techniques.
    • Historically forecasted techniques:
    • -Quantitative techniques: Moving average, exponential smoothing, and regression methods
    • -Qualitative techniques: Manual forecasting.
    • Futuristic techniques

    Class 8 - Operating Curves (Throughput Diagrams)

    • Graphical representation of how input and output volumes and WIP levels vary over time and different models.
    • Focuses on different alternatives
    • Illustrates ideal minimum WIP level as a product of Throughput and Cycle time

    Class 9-Logistic Potential Analysis (LPA)

    • Focuses on identifying and assessing potential risks on schedule adherence.
    • Evaluates orders: order throughput times, actual order times
    • Identifies critical orders through correlation analysis

    Class 10 - Distribution Logistics

    • Customer order decoupling point (Order Penetration Point): The point where procurement/production/delivery shifts to customer-order dependent.
    • Common Distribution Logistics: Core functions of distribution logistics.
    • Layouts of distribution channel

    Class 11- Peak Demand

    • Application to medium and high demand stability patterns.
    • Calculating and using storage throughput diagrams (throughput and storage curves) from known patterns
    • Safety Stock formula (Considering the demand rate, the variability and the replenishment time).

    Class 12-Safety Stock Calculation (Standard Deviation)

    • Calculating Safety Stock based on the standard deviation of demand for a given period and time factor

    Class 13-Inventory Management, ABC/XYZ Analysis

    • Material categorization based on ABC and XYZ analysis for prioritization of management strategies.
    • Review of the basic concepts and calculations for inventory management and material categorization.

    Cost/Benefit Analysis

    Forecasting Methods

    Storage Model

    Machine Requirement Model

    Throughput Diagrams

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Description

    Test your knowledge on key concepts in manufacturing and resource design, including product design priorities, machine requirements, and logistics. This quiz covers various approaches and functions related to purchasing and after-sales service in the manufacturing industry. Evaluate your understanding of critical strategies and techniques used in resource layout problems.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser