Manufacture of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers Standards

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of testing materials of construction according to paragraph 8.1.15?

To verify the mechanical properties of the material (correct)

To check the dimensions of the exchanger

To inspect the surface finish of the material

To determine the weight of the exchanger

What heat treatment cycles should be considered when testing materials of construction?

Only intermediate stress relief

All heat treatment cycles required for fabrication, plus two PWHT cycles (correct)

Only normalizing and tempering

Only quenching and tempering

What is the minimum yield strength requirement for carbon steel standard flanges and nozzle pipes that do not require impact testing?

90 MPa (13 ksi)

60 MPa (8.7 ksi)

70 MPa (10 ksi) (correct)

80 MPa (11.6 ksi)

What rating should forgings meet for material cleanliness?

C2/R2/S2 Signup and view all the answers

Where should specimens for material testing be taken from for plates?

Transverse to the rolling direction Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of taking specimens at a depth of ½T location from plates?

To verify the mechanical properties of the plate Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following heat treatments is not mentioned in paragraph 8.1.15?

Case hardening Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of considering two PWHT cycles during material testing?

To account for future repairs and/or alterations Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum nominal thickness for carbon steels in shells and heads?

6 mm Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum thickness allowed for plates used for construction of shell or channel under API RP 934-A?

150 mm Signup and view all the answers

What is required for the use of alternative materials of construction?

Prior approval by the Saudi Aramco Engineer Signup and view all the answers

What is required for material specifications and test procedures for base metal and weldments materials?

All applicable requirements of this specification Signup and view all the answers

What is required for all materials used in the construction of heat exchangers?

They must be clearly identified and provided with legible original or certified true copies of Mill Test Certificates Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the material test report?

To certify the materials as per 175-323100 Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of lack of adequate identification and certification of materials?

The materials will be rejected Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the nominal thickness requirement for shells and heads?

To ensure the integrity of the heat exchangers Signup and view all the answers

Where should specimens be taken from for plate-like forgings?

Transverse to the major working direction Signup and view all the answers

What is the depth of the prolongation or representative separate test block for plate-like forgings?

1/2T Signup and view all the answers

For standard flanges with T equal to or less than 50 mm, how should specimens be removed?

In accordance with the material specification Signup and view all the answers

For standard flanges with T greater than 50 mm, what should be machined to essentially the finished product configuration prior to heat treatment?

A representative separate test block Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended condition for specifying low alloy steels?

Normalized and tempered (N+T) or quenched and tempered (Q+T) Signup and view all the answers

What is the requirement for material used for nameplate mounting brackets?

It should be of the same type and material grade as the pressure retaining component Signup and view all the answers

Where should the center axis of the specimen be located for standard flanges?

At a depth of 1/2T Signup and view all the answers

What is the limitation on plate thickness for SA-36 and SA-285 materials?

19 mm Signup and view all the answers

Where should the mid-length of the test specimen be located for standard flanges?

At a depth equal to T Signup and view all the answers

For other forgings that are contour shaped or machined to essentially the finished product configuration prior to heat treatment, how should test specimens be removed?

In accordance with the material specification from a production forging or a representative separate test block Signup and view all the answers

What is the material requirement for lugs in exchangers?

Same material as exchanger wall base material Signup and view all the answers

What is the material requirement for saddles in exchangers?

Same material as exchanger wall base material Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of machining a production forging or representative separate test block prior to heat treatment for other forgings?

To essentially achieve the finished product configuration Signup and view all the answers

What is the material requirement for external attachments other than lugs and saddles?

Same material as exchanger wall base material Signup and view all the answers

What is the material requirement for internal attachments welded to the exchanger?

Same material as exchanger wall base material Signup and view all the answers

What is the consideration for specifying low alloy steels?

Mechanical properties and thermal treatments Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition for welding Stainless Steel internal attachments to carbon steel pressure-retaining parts of exchangers?

With prior approval of Saudi Aramco Engineer Signup and view all the answers

What material should internal attachments to clad exchangers be made of?

Same material as that of the cladding Signup and view all the answers

What is the material specification for anchor bolts?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the limitation of using SA-105?

It cannot be used for applications requiring impact testing Signup and view all the answers

What is the alternative to SA-105 for applications requiring impact testing?

SA-266 (Grade 2 or Grade 4) Signup and view all the answers

What is the requirement for materials used in exchangers exposed to HIC environments?

They must meet the testing requirements of 01-SAMSS-016 Signup and view all the answers

What is the requirement for piping components used in the manufacture of a heat exchanger?

They must be manufactured from HIC resistant steels that meet the testing requirements of 01-SAMSS-016 Signup and view all the answers

Can SS 321 and SS 347 be used interchangeably?

Yes, for all applications Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nominal Thickness

Nominal thickness of shells and heads: • Carbon steels: at least 6 mm • Low chrome alloy steels: at least 5 mm
Maximum thickness for plates used for construction of shell or channel: limited to 150 mm (6 in.)

Materials

General • All materials required for pressure and non-pressure components shall be as specified on the data sheet • Prior approval by the Saudi Aramco Engineer is required for use of alternative materials of construction
Material Specifications and Tests • Material specifications and tests procedures for base metal and weldments materials for Cr-Mo steels • All materials must be clearly identified and provided with legible original or certified true copies of Mill Test Certificates
Material Test Report • Material test report shall be certified as per 175-323100
Material Properties • Materials of construction (pressure-retaining parts of exchanger and non-pressure retaining attachments) shall be tested to verify that their mechanical properties will be retained • Considering all thermal treatments that could affect the material
Forgings • Forgings shall meet a material cleanliness C2/R2/S2 rating, as described in ASTM E381
Specimens for Material Testing • Specimens shall be taken for the maximum heat-treated thickness (T) as per specific requirements for plates, plate-like forgings, standard flanges, and other forgings
Low Alloy Steels • Shall be specified in the normalized and tempered (N+T) or quenched and tempered (Q+T) conditions
Material for Nameplate Mounting Brackets • Shall be of the same type and material grade as the pressure retaining component to which it is attached
Materials for Supports • Lugs: same material as exchanger wall base material • Saddles: same material as the exchanger wall base material
External Attachments • Shall be of the same material as the exchanger wall base material • Internal attachments to clad exchangers shall be of the same material as that of the cladding
Anchor Bolts • Material of construction for anchor bolts shall be ASTM A193 / A193M, ASTM F1554 Grade 36 or ASTM F1554 Grade 105
SA-105 and SA-266 • SA-105 shall not be used for applications requiring impact testing • SA-266 (Grade 2 or Grade 4) may be used for applications requiring impact testing
HIC Environments • Materials for exchanger exposed to HIC environments with normal operating temperature up to and including 150°C (300°F) shall meet the testing requirements of 01-SAMSS-016

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This quiz covers the standards and guidelines for the manufacture of shell and tube heat exchangers, including nominal thickness and material specifications.

Manufacture of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers Standards

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Podcast

Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of testing materials of construction according to paragraph 8.1.15?

What heat treatment cycles should be considered when testing materials of construction?

What is the minimum yield strength requirement for carbon steel standard flanges and nozzle pipes that do not require impact testing?

What rating should forgings meet for material cleanliness?

Where should specimens for material testing be taken from for plates?

What is the purpose of taking specimens at a depth of ½T location from plates?

Which of the following heat treatments is not mentioned in paragraph 8.1.15?

What is the purpose of considering two PWHT cycles during material testing?

What is the minimum nominal thickness for carbon steels in shells and heads?

What is the maximum thickness allowed for plates used for construction of shell or channel under API RP 934-A?

What is required for the use of alternative materials of construction?

What is required for material specifications and test procedures for base metal and weldments materials?

What is required for all materials used in the construction of heat exchangers?

What is the purpose of the material test report?

What is the consequence of lack of adequate identification and certification of materials?

What is the purpose of the nominal thickness requirement for shells and heads?

Where should specimens be taken from for plate-like forgings?

What is the depth of the prolongation or representative separate test block for plate-like forgings?

For standard flanges with T equal to or less than 50 mm, how should specimens be removed?

For standard flanges with T greater than 50 mm, what should be machined to essentially the finished product configuration prior to heat treatment?

What is the recommended condition for specifying low alloy steels?

What is the requirement for material used for nameplate mounting brackets?

Where should the center axis of the specimen be located for standard flanges?

What is the limitation on plate thickness for SA-36 and SA-285 materials?

Where should the mid-length of the test specimen be located for standard flanges?

For other forgings that are contour shaped or machined to essentially the finished product configuration prior to heat treatment, how should test specimens be removed?

What is the material requirement for lugs in exchangers?

What is the material requirement for saddles in exchangers?

What is the purpose of machining a production forging or representative separate test block prior to heat treatment for other forgings?

What is the material requirement for external attachments other than lugs and saddles?

What is the material requirement for internal attachments welded to the exchanger?

What is the consideration for specifying low alloy steels?

What is the condition for welding Stainless Steel internal attachments to carbon steel pressure-retaining parts of exchangers?

What material should internal attachments to clad exchangers be made of?

What is the material specification for anchor bolts?

What is the limitation of using SA-105?

What is the alternative to SA-105 for applications requiring impact testing?

What is the requirement for materials used in exchangers exposed to HIC environments?

What is the requirement for piping components used in the manufacture of a heat exchanger?

Can SS 321 and SS 347 be used interchangeably?

Study Notes

Nominal Thickness

Materials

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Description

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