Manicure 207 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is the structure of the nail?

The nail is composed of layers of keratinized skin cells.

What is the function of the nail bed?

It provides a rich supply of blood and lymph vessels to keep the nail healthy, supplying nourishment and protection.

What is the function of the nail plate?

It protects the living nail bed of the fingers.

What is the function of the free edge?

<p>It protects the fingertip and the hyponychium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hyponychium?

<p>It protects the nail bed from infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nail grooves?

<p>They keep the nail growing in a straight line.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the matrix?

<p>It is the growing area of the nail and produces new nail cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nail mantle?

<p>It protects the matrix from physical damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lunula?

<p>The lunula is the base of the nail that lies over the matrix, appearing as a white half-moon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cuticle?

<p>It protects the matrix from infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nail walls?

<p>They protect the nail plate edges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the perionychium?

<p>It is a collective name given to the nail walls and the cuticle area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the eponychium?

<p>It is an extension of the cuticle that protects the matrix from infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are corrugations?

<p>They are strong ridges from the cuticle to the free edge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is leuconychia?

<p>Leuconychia refers to white spots on the nails.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is onchauxis?

<p>It is the overgrowth of the nail in length or thickness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are transverse furrows?

<p>They are furrows at right angles to the nail that indicate changes in growth rate due to illness or trauma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is onychophagy?

<p>It refers to bitten nails.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is onychorrhexis?

<p>It refers to split or brittle nails.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is agnail?

<p>It occurs when the cuticle splits around the nail and may become infected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are eggshell nails?

<p>They are nails that are curved over at the free edge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are duck-billed nails?

<p>They are nails that curve upwards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is onycholysis?

<p>It is the separation of the nail plate from the nail bed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is onychogryphosis?

<p>It is a curved nail that takes the shape of a ram's head.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is onychatrophia?

<p>It refers to the wasting away of the nail.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is pterygium?

<p>It is the forwards growing cuticles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is kolionychia?

<p>It refers to spoon-shaped nails.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is onychomycosis?

<p>It is a fungal infection of the nails, causing them to be thick, furrowed, and deformed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is tinea mannum?

<p>It is a condition characterized by red lesions occurring in patches, known as ringworm of the hands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is paronychia?

<p>It is a bacterial infection that causes redness, pain, and swelling around the nail and nail walls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is onychia?

<p>It is an inflammation of the nail matrix followed by shedding of the natural nail plate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is onychocryptosis?

<p>It is the condition of having ingrown nails.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is onychoptosis?

<p>It refers to the shedding or falling of the nails.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 8 carpels?

<p>Capitate, Hamate, Trapezoid, Trapezium, Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis?

<p>Stratum corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the six functions of the skin?

<p>Secretion, heat regulation, absorption, protection, excretion, sensation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the veins and arteries in the arm?

<p>This question requires specific terminology to list correctly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nail Structure and Functions

  • Nail consists of various components including nail bed, nail plate, free edge, hyponychium, nail grooves, matrix, nail mantle, lunula, cuticle, nail walls, and perionychium.
  • The nail bed supplies blood and lymph to nourish and protect the nail.
  • The nail plate is made of keratinized cells and protects the underlying nail bed.
  • The free edge appears white and protects the fingertip and hyponychium.
  • The hyponychium is located under the free edge and acts as a barrier against infections.
  • Nail grooves ensure the nail grows in a straight line.
  • The matrix is responsible for nail growth; its size and shape influence nail thickness.
  • The nail mantle protects the matrix from injury.
  • The lunula is the whitish, half-moon shape at the base of the nail and is prone to damage due to its softness.
  • The cuticle overlaps the base of the nail, safeguarding the matrix from pathogens.
  • Nail walls are folds that protect the sides of the nail plate.
  • The perionychium collectively refers to the nail walls and cuticle area.
  • The eponychium is an extension of the cuticle, also protecting the matrix.

Nail Conditions and Disorders

  • Corrugations are strong ridges that can cause brittleness and splitting of the nail.
  • Leuconychia refers to white spots appearing on the nails.
  • Onchauxis describes excessive growth of the nail, either in length or thickness.
  • Transverse furrows are grooves indicating changes in nail growth due to illness or trauma.
  • Onychophagy is the condition of bitten nails.
  • Onychorrhexis denotes split or brittle nails.
  • Agnail is characterized by split cuticles around the nail, leading to the risk of infection.
  • Eggshell nails exhibit a curvature at the free edge.
  • Duck-billed nails curve upwards at the tips.
  • Onycholysis refers to the separation between the nail plate and nail bed.
  • Onychogryphosis describes nails shaped like a ram’s horn, curving distinctly.
  • Onychatrophia signifies the wasting away of the nail.
  • Pterygium is the condition of overgrowing cuticles.
  • Kolionychia is when nails develop a spoon shape.
  • Onychomycosis indicates a fungal infection, leading to thickened, deformed nails.
  • Tinea mannum is characterized by red, patchy lesions from ringworm on the hands.
  • Paronychia is a bacterial infection causing redness, pain, and swelling around the nail.
  • Onychia involves inflammation of the nail matrix, resulting in nail shedding.
  • Onychocryptosis refers to ingrown nails.
  • Onychoptosis is the shedding or falling of nails.

Anatomy of the Wrist

  • There are eight carpals, which include:
    • Capitate
    • Hamate
    • Trapezoid
    • Trapezium
    • Scaphoid
    • Lunate
    • Triquetrum
    • Pisiform

Layers of the Epidermis

  • The epidermis consists of five layers:
    • Stratum corneum
    • Stratum lucidum
    • Stratum granulosum
    • Stratum spinosum
    • Stratum basale
  • Mnemonic: "Corny Lucie's Granny Spins Germs"

Functions of the Skin

  • Secretion: Produces essential substances.
  • Heat regulation: Maintains body temperature.
  • Absorption: Uptake of certain compounds.
  • Protection: Acts as a barrier against pathogens and harmful substances.
  • Excretion: Eliminates waste products.
  • Sensation: Enables the perception of touch, heat, and pain.

Arm Anatomy

  • The veins and arteries in the arm are essential components of the circulatory system, but specific details are not provided.

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Test your knowledge on manicure fundamentals with these flashcards focused on nail structure and function. Each card covers essential terms related to nail anatomy, providing a comprehensive review for students and professionals alike.

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