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Questions and Answers
What is the structure of the nail?
What is the structure of the nail?
The nail is composed of layers of keratinized skin cells.
What is the function of the nail bed?
What is the function of the nail bed?
It provides a rich supply of blood and lymph vessels to keep the nail healthy, supplying nourishment and protection.
What is the function of the nail plate?
What is the function of the nail plate?
It protects the living nail bed of the fingers.
What is the function of the free edge?
What is the function of the free edge?
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What is the function of the hyponychium?
What is the function of the hyponychium?
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What is the function of the nail grooves?
What is the function of the nail grooves?
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What is the function of the matrix?
What is the function of the matrix?
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What is the function of the nail mantle?
What is the function of the nail mantle?
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What is the function of the lunula?
What is the function of the lunula?
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What is the function of the cuticle?
What is the function of the cuticle?
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What is the function of the nail walls?
What is the function of the nail walls?
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What is the function of the perionychium?
What is the function of the perionychium?
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What is the function of the eponychium?
What is the function of the eponychium?
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What are corrugations?
What are corrugations?
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What is leuconychia?
What is leuconychia?
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What is onchauxis?
What is onchauxis?
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What are transverse furrows?
What are transverse furrows?
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What is onychophagy?
What is onychophagy?
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What is onychorrhexis?
What is onychorrhexis?
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What is agnail?
What is agnail?
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What are eggshell nails?
What are eggshell nails?
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What are duck-billed nails?
What are duck-billed nails?
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What is onycholysis?
What is onycholysis?
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What is onychogryphosis?
What is onychogryphosis?
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What is onychatrophia?
What is onychatrophia?
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What is pterygium?
What is pterygium?
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What is kolionychia?
What is kolionychia?
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What is onychomycosis?
What is onychomycosis?
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What is tinea mannum?
What is tinea mannum?
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What is paronychia?
What is paronychia?
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What is onychia?
What is onychia?
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What is onychocryptosis?
What is onychocryptosis?
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What is onychoptosis?
What is onychoptosis?
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What are the 8 carpels?
What are the 8 carpels?
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What are the 5 layers of the epidermis?
What are the 5 layers of the epidermis?
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What are the six functions of the skin?
What are the six functions of the skin?
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What are the veins and arteries in the arm?
What are the veins and arteries in the arm?
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Study Notes
Nail Structure and Functions
- Nail consists of various components including nail bed, nail plate, free edge, hyponychium, nail grooves, matrix, nail mantle, lunula, cuticle, nail walls, and perionychium.
- The nail bed supplies blood and lymph to nourish and protect the nail.
- The nail plate is made of keratinized cells and protects the underlying nail bed.
- The free edge appears white and protects the fingertip and hyponychium.
- The hyponychium is located under the free edge and acts as a barrier against infections.
- Nail grooves ensure the nail grows in a straight line.
- The matrix is responsible for nail growth; its size and shape influence nail thickness.
- The nail mantle protects the matrix from injury.
- The lunula is the whitish, half-moon shape at the base of the nail and is prone to damage due to its softness.
- The cuticle overlaps the base of the nail, safeguarding the matrix from pathogens.
- Nail walls are folds that protect the sides of the nail plate.
- The perionychium collectively refers to the nail walls and cuticle area.
- The eponychium is an extension of the cuticle, also protecting the matrix.
Nail Conditions and Disorders
- Corrugations are strong ridges that can cause brittleness and splitting of the nail.
- Leuconychia refers to white spots appearing on the nails.
- Onchauxis describes excessive growth of the nail, either in length or thickness.
- Transverse furrows are grooves indicating changes in nail growth due to illness or trauma.
- Onychophagy is the condition of bitten nails.
- Onychorrhexis denotes split or brittle nails.
- Agnail is characterized by split cuticles around the nail, leading to the risk of infection.
- Eggshell nails exhibit a curvature at the free edge.
- Duck-billed nails curve upwards at the tips.
- Onycholysis refers to the separation between the nail plate and nail bed.
- Onychogryphosis describes nails shaped like a ram’s horn, curving distinctly.
- Onychatrophia signifies the wasting away of the nail.
- Pterygium is the condition of overgrowing cuticles.
- Kolionychia is when nails develop a spoon shape.
- Onychomycosis indicates a fungal infection, leading to thickened, deformed nails.
- Tinea mannum is characterized by red, patchy lesions from ringworm on the hands.
- Paronychia is a bacterial infection causing redness, pain, and swelling around the nail.
- Onychia involves inflammation of the nail matrix, resulting in nail shedding.
- Onychocryptosis refers to ingrown nails.
- Onychoptosis is the shedding or falling of nails.
Anatomy of the Wrist
- There are eight carpals, which include:
- Capitate
- Hamate
- Trapezoid
- Trapezium
- Scaphoid
- Lunate
- Triquetrum
- Pisiform
Layers of the Epidermis
- The epidermis consists of five layers:
- Stratum corneum
- Stratum lucidum
- Stratum granulosum
- Stratum spinosum
- Stratum basale
- Mnemonic: "Corny Lucie's Granny Spins Germs"
Functions of the Skin
- Secretion: Produces essential substances.
- Heat regulation: Maintains body temperature.
- Absorption: Uptake of certain compounds.
- Protection: Acts as a barrier against pathogens and harmful substances.
- Excretion: Eliminates waste products.
- Sensation: Enables the perception of touch, heat, and pain.
Arm Anatomy
- The veins and arteries in the arm are essential components of the circulatory system, but specific details are not provided.
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Description
Test your knowledge on manicure fundamentals with these flashcards focused on nail structure and function. Each card covers essential terms related to nail anatomy, providing a comprehensive review for students and professionals alike.