Podcast Beta
Questions and Answers
What is the primary indication for administering an inferior alveolar nerve block?
Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of the inferior alveolar nerve block?
Which nerves are commonly anesthetized during an inferior alveolar nerve block?
In what situation would an inferior alveolar nerve block be contraindicated?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the approximate rate of inadequate anesthesia associated with the inferior alveolar nerve block?
Signup and view all the answers
Which alternative technique would provide buccal soft-tissue anesthesia anterior to the first molar?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common challenge faced with intraoral landmarks during the inferior alveolar nerve block?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following nerves is NOT part of the posterior division of the mandibular nerve?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended needle gauge for an adult patient during an inferior alveolar nerve block?
Signup and view all the answers
Where is the area of insertion for the inferior alveolar nerve block located?
Signup and view all the answers
What technique involves injecting into the area where the inferior alveolar nerve descends toward the mandibular foramen?
Signup and view all the answers
Which landmark corresponds to the greatest concavity on the mandibular ramus?
Signup and view all the answers
Which injection technique is especially used for osseous and soft-tissue anesthesia of mandibular molars?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common use for the intraseptal injection technique in dental anesthesia?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following techniques does NOT provide pulpal anesthesia for any mandibular tooth?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the focus area for the inferior alveolar nerve as it approaches the foramen?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the preferred gauge of long needle for an inferior alveolar nerve block in adults?
Signup and view all the answers
Which anatomical landmark is referred to as the greatest concavity on the anterior border of the ramus?
Signup and view all the answers
When administering the inferior alveolar nerve block, what position should a right-handed operator sit in relative to the patient?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following describes the correct placement of the patient's head during the inferior alveolar nerve block?
Signup and view all the answers
What area of the mandibular ramus needs to be palpated to locate the coronoid notch during the procedure?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the target area for the inferior alveolar nerve block as it passes downward?
Signup and view all the answers
What anatomical feature marks the vertical portion of the landmarks during the inferior alveolar nerve block?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the depth at the injection site for the inferior alveolar nerve block typically recommended for pediatric patients?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of moving the palpating finger from the internal oblique ridge to the buccal side during the inferior alveolar nerve block procedure?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of needle is recommended for the inferior alveolar nerve block technique?
Signup and view all the answers
How deep should the needle typically be inserted to make contact with bone during the inferior alveolar nerve block?
Signup and view all the answers
What technique should be employed after contacting bone during the needle insertion process?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is it recommended to aspirate in two planes during the injection process?
Signup and view all the answers
What volume of anesthetic is typically deposited during the inferior alveolar nerve block?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended approach for the lingual nerve anesthesia during the inferior alveolar nerve block?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the significance of the coronoid notch during the technique of the inferior alveolar nerve block?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a significant indicator of successful anesthesia during an inferior alveolar nerve block?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be done if the needle does not contact bone during an inferior alveolar nerve block?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a common cause for inadequate anesthesia during an inferior alveolar nerve block?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most reliable method to confirm pulpal anesthesia in nonpulpitic teeth after administration?
Signup and view all the answers
What precaution should be taken to avoid complications during the inferior alveolar nerve block?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is not a sign of successful anesthetic administration during an inferior alveolar nerve block?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the management strategy for a hematoma following an inferior alveolar nerve block?
Signup and view all the answers
Which side position should a right-handed administrator adopt while performing a left inferior alveolar nerve block?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Mandibular Nerve
- The mandibular nerve is a branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)
- It is responsible for innervating the muscles of mastication, the skin of the lower face and part of the temporal region, and the teeth of the lower jaw.
- The mandibular nerve splits into anterior and posterior divisions
Anterior Division
- Contains four branches:
- Nerve to the lateral pterygoid muscle
- Nerve to the masseter muscle
- Nerve to the temporal muscle
- Buccal nerve
Posterior Division
- Contains five branches:
- Auriculotemporal nerve
- Lingual nerve
- Mylohyoid nerve
- Inferior alveolar nerve
- Incisive branch
- Mental nerve
Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block
- Anesthetizes the inferior alveolar nerve, incisive nerve, mental nerve, and often the lingual nerve.
Indications
- Procedures on multiple mandibular teeth in one quadrant
- When buccal soft-tissue anesthesia is necessary (anterior to the first molar)
- When lingual soft-tissue anesthesia is necessary
Contraindications
- Active infection or inflammation in the area of injection
- Patients who might bite their lip or tongue
Advantages
- One injection provides a wide area of anesthesia
Disadvantages
- Does not provide localized anesthesia
- 15-20% chance of inadequate anesthesia
- Intraoral landmarks inconsistent
- 10-15% chance of positive aspiration
- Lingual and lower lip anesthesia can be uncomfortable or dangerous for some individuals
- Partial anesthesia possible due to bifid inferior alveolar nerve or bifid mandibular canals
Alternatives to Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block
- Mental nerve block for buccal soft tissue anesthesia anterior to the first molar
- Incisive nerve block for pulpal and buccal soft tissue anesthesia of teeth anterior to the mental foramen
- Supraperiosteal injection for pulpal anesthesia of central and lateral incisors, and sometimes premolars
- Gow-Gates mandibular nerve block
- Vazirani-Akinosi mandibular nerve block
- PDL injection for pulpal anesthesia of any mandibular tooth
- Intraosseous injection for osseous and soft-tissue anesthesia
- Intraseptal injection for osseous and soft-tissue anesthesia
Technique for Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block
- 25 gauge, long needle is recommended for an adult
- Area of insertion: mucous membrane on medial side of the mandibular ramus, at the intersection of two lines: one horizontal representing height of injection, the other vertical representing the anteroposterior plane of injection.
Landmarks for Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block
- Coronoid notch (greatest concavity on the anterior border of the ramus)
- Pterygomandibular raphe
Technique for Right Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block
- Dentist sits at 8 o'clock position facing patient
- Patient is supine or semisupine
- Palpate the mucobuccal fold with the left index finger or thumb, moving posteriorly until reaching the external oblique ridge.
- Move the finger up and down until identifying the greatest depth of the anterior border of the ramus (coronoid notch)
- Move the index finger lingually across the retromolar triangle and onto the internal oblique ridge
- Move the finger or thumb to the buccal side, taking the buccal sucking pad with it.
- Place the right index finger extraorally behind the ramus to assess anteroposterior width.
- Insert the needle parallel to the occlusal plane of the mandibular teeth, from the opposite side of the mouth, at a level bisecting the finger or thumb.
- Penetration should be towards pterygotemporal depression entering the pterygomandibular space
- Continue insertion until gentle contact with bone is made on the internal surface of the ramus of the mandible
- Average depth of penetration is 20-25mm
- Withdraw the needle approximately 1mm after bony contact to prevent subperiosteal injection
- Aspirate in two planes.
- If negative, slowly deposit 1.5mL of anesthetic over 60 seconds.
- Slowly withdraw the syringe and reaspirate when approximately half its length remains within the tissues.
- Deposit a portion of the remaining solution (0.2mL) to anesthetize the lingual nerve.
Technique for Left Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block
- Dentist sits at 10 o'clock position facing the patient
- Placement of the left arm around the patient's head allows for palpation with the left index finger or thumb.
Signs and Symptoms
- Subjective: Tingling or numbness of the lower lip indicates anesthesia of the mental nerve.
- Subjective: Tingling or numbness of the tongue indicates anesthesia of the lingual nerve.
- Objective: Lack of pain during dental therapy.
- Lack of pain when a blunt instrument is applied to the buccal gingiva anterior to the mental foramen.
- Use of a freezing spray or electric pulp tester (EPT) with no response to maximal output.
Safety feature
- The needle contacts bone to prevent overinsertion, but this is not a guarantee of pulpal anesthesia.
Precautions
- Do not deposit anesthetic if bony contact is not achieved.
Failures of Anesthesia
- Deposition of anesthetic too low (below the mandibular foramen)
- Deposition of anesthetic too far anteriorly (laterally) on the ramus
- Accessory innervation to the mandibular teeth
Complications
- Hematoma (rare):
- Swelling of tissues on the medial side of the mandibular ramus after anesthetic deposition
- Management: pressure and cold (ice) to the area for 3-5 minutes
- Trismus:
- Difficult opening of the mouth
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy and functions of the mandibular nerve, a critical component of the trigeminal nerve system. This quiz covers the different branches of the mandibular nerve, including its anterior and posterior divisions, as well as the clinical implications of inferior alveolar nerve blocks.
