Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the percentage of cases where the incisive canal could be identified in CBCT scan images?
What is the percentage of cases where the incisive canal could be identified in CBCT scan images?
What percentage of cases had good visibility of the mandibular canal in CBCT scan images?
What percentage of cases had good visibility of the mandibular canal in CBCT scan images?
What is the time required to segment the mandible using the PointRend deep learning mechanism?
What is the time required to segment the mandible using the PointRend deep learning mechanism?
What is the Dice similarity coefficient of the PointRend deep learning mechanism in segmenting the mandible?
What is the Dice similarity coefficient of the PointRend deep learning mechanism in segmenting the mandible?
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What is the most accurate mandibular median sagittal plane (MMSP) identified in the study?
What is the most accurate mandibular median sagittal plane (MMSP) identified in the study?
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What is the significance of mandibular landmarks in healthcare and research?
What is the significance of mandibular landmarks in healthcare and research?
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What is the primary purpose of mandibular landmarks in various fields?
What is the primary purpose of mandibular landmarks in various fields?
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According to the study by Chen et al., which landmark showed the most stability over time?
According to the study by Chen et al., which landmark showed the most stability over time?
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What percentage of cases showed good visibility of the mandibular canal on panoramic radiographs?
What percentage of cases showed good visibility of the mandibular canal on panoramic radiographs?
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What is the term for the openings of the mental and mandibular canals?
What is the term for the openings of the mental and mandibular canals?
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What is the term for the chin landmark?
What is the term for the chin landmark?
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What is the percentage of cases where anterior looping of the mental nerve was present on panoramic radiographs?
What is the percentage of cases where anterior looping of the mental nerve was present on panoramic radiographs?
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Study Notes
Mandibular Landmarks
Mandibular landmarks are important anatomical reference points used in various fields, including dentistry, radiology, and facial growth studies. These landmarks provide a stable framework for measuring changes and evaluating the development of the mandible over time.
Stable Mandibular Landmarks
A study by Chen et al. identified the most stable mandibular landmarks in growing patients using three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. The landmarks include:
- Point C: The internal symphysis
- Points D and E: Two additional landmarks on the inferior part of the internal symphysis
- Pog: The chin
- Mental foramina (MF) and Mandibular foramina (MFA): The openings of the mental and mandibular canals
The study found that the total distance changes between Point C and these landmarks were all less than 1.0 mm from T1 to T2, indicating stability through time.
Landmark Visibility
The visibility of mandibular landmarks on panoramic radiographs and CBCT scan images varies. A study by the authors evaluated the visibility of anatomical landmarks on panoramic images and CBCT scan images. The findings were as follows:
- Panoramic radiographs: The mandibular canal could be observed in 92.5% of cases, with good visibility in 12.0%. The mental foramen could be observed in 44.5% of cases, with no cases having good visibility. Anterior looping of the mental nerve was present in 16.5% of cases, but no cases had good visibility.
- CBCT scan images: The mandibular canal, the mental foramen, and the lingual foramen could be observed in 100% of cases, with good visibility in 51.0%, 98.5%, and 45.0% of cases, respectively. Anterior looping of the mental nerve was present in 26% of cases, with 2% having good visibility. An incisive canal could be identified in 49.5% of the cases, with only 7.5% showing good visibility.
Automated Localization of Mandibular Landmarks
Deep learning has been used to segment the mandible and identify three-dimensional (3D) anatomical landmarks from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. The PointRend deep learning mechanism can segment the mandible in 10 ± 1.5 seconds with a Dice similarity coefficient of 0.98. This study also found that the most accurate mandibular median sagittal plane (MMSP) was the B-Gn-F plane, which involves the supra-mentale, gnathion, and mandibular foramen.
Conclusion
Mandibular landmarks play a crucial role in understanding the development and changes in the mandible over time. With advancements in technology and techniques, the identification and localization of these landmarks have become more accurate and efficient, providing valuable insights for various applications in healthcare and research.
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Description
This quiz covers the importance of mandibular landmarks in understanding the development and changes in the mandible over time. It explores the stability of landmarks, their visibility on radiographs and CBCT scans, and the automated localization of landmarks using deep learning techniques. Test your knowledge of these crucial anatomical reference points!
