Managerial Competencies and Principles

Managerial Competencies, General Principles of Managerial Work

• Competence or incompetence is the ability or inability to perform a specific activity.
• Capability or inability is the potential or lack of potential for an activity.
• Though many possess the ability to study medicine, not all become competent physicians.

Managerial Competencies Defined

• Competencies include knowledge, skills, abilities, attitudes, and values.
• Specific, observable behaviors exhibited more frequently by outstanding employees, in various situations, with better results than average employees characterize competence.
• Competencies define the prerequisites for success in an organization, stemming from its core values.
• They provide employees with a structured approach for further development and bridge work processes with organizational values and principles.

Factors for a Manager to Successfully Execute

• Assessing a manager's ability to perform a job successfully does not involve evaluating general prerequisites.
• Evaluating an employee's readiness to perform based on expected outputs in their role is key.
• Knowledge in a specific field is obtained through education and self-improvement, requiring a comprehensive approach.
• Practical skills are from education and hands-on experience and social Maturity is from life experience and interpersonal relationship skills.
• Social maturity includes ethics, cultural awareness, and multicultural management, which includes proficiency in languages.
• Positive traits include integrity, trustworthiness, honesty, honor, and diligence.
• Middle and top management characteristics include self-confidence, persuasiveness, assertiveness, and initiative.
• Deficiencies common among people when pertaining to field knowledge includes lacking language skills or not knowing tactics or weapons
• Problem areas in knowledge include student's cheating, lecturer reading from scripts, poor training, and new employees' inexperience.
• Shortcomings in social maturity relate to issues such as alcoholism, biased hiring practices, or negligence.

Competencies and Job Profiles

• Basic competencies involve attitudes, traits, or skills applicable to all employees, such as communication, customer focus, and reliability.
• Cross-sectional competencies: Knowledge or skills that are specified for a function required of many workers like foreign language or computer capabilities
• Specific competencies involve the specialized expertise for a particular role such as marketing, welding, training, and team leadership.
• Typical Key Competencies involves communication, cooperation, independence, problem-solving ingenuity, accountability, reasoning, learning, and justification abilities
• Strategic-organizational competence: Understanding context, formulating processes, and focusing on values or target system
• Methodical competence: Managing processes, solving problems, and analyzing decision-making analysis.
• Social competence: Maintaining communication. coaching and active listening.

Qualities of a Successful Leader

• Successful leaders possess both conceptual and operational thinking skills, with flexible mindset and relevant expertise.
• Skills involve organization and time management, leadership, motivation, delegation, communication and negotiation.
• Personality traits necessary; assertiveness, emotional stability, strong communication, empathy, responsibility, and flexibility.

Managerial Principles: Henri Fayol

• Management involves coordinating various activities such as technical, commercial, financial, security, accounting, and administrative aspects.
• Division of labor results in specialization, authority paired with responsibility, and adherence to discipline.
• Importance of unity of command, direction, subordination of individual interests to the general interest, fair remuneration, centralization, a clear hierarchy, and order.
• Essential tenets include staff stability, proper interaction with subordinates, encouraging initiative, and fostering team spirit.

Managerial Principles: Max Weber

• Clear role definitions, a well-defined hierarchy, binding regulations, and objective management are key.
• Maintain consistency between qualifications and job positions, ensure established procedures, and create stability.

Principles of Team Leadership

• Leaders create an environment for effective work, cultivate a culture, and incorporate feedback.
• They emphasize customer focus, flexibility, a willingness to learn, and socially appropriate behavior.
• Leaders support individual competence, independence, and team coaching.

General Principles of Management

• The Pareto Principle or the 80/20 rule states a small number of factors are critical, while a large number are insignificant.
• 20% of effort produces 80% of the result, and 20% of learning brings 80% success.
• Pareto's Principle serves to double check priorities and help find essential things.
• Managers focus on priorities and what is significant for the organization.
• A manager should be able to distinguish the importance.
• 80% of a business's revenue comes from 20% of key customers; 80% of best ideas come from 20% of employees; 80% of complaints come from 20% of customers; 80% of lecturers' time focuses on 20% of students; 80% of calls relates to 20% of colleagues.

Pareto Analysis

• Identify the subject of analysis, gather data, categorize data, arrange data and calculate frequency.
• Compile these totals with cumulative tallies, create a bar graph and determine the next steps.

Principle of Prevention

• Addressing deficiencies early reduces the associated losses.
• Addressing a problem late is 10x more expensive than preventing it, and ignoring a problem is 100x more expensive than preventing it.
• Prevention is cheaper and more effective than repairing damage as it occurs.
• The principle is aligned with European environmental/health policies, and health protection.

Customer Focus

• The customer's requirements are a top priority, efforts aim for satisfaction and loyalty, and there is ongoing satisfaction monitoring.
• 5 key factors determining the level of service from the customers perspective
  • Dependability
  • Appearance
  • Reliability
  • Addressing customer needs
  • Empathy

Zero-Defect Principle

• Organizations strive for positive attitudes toward quality, monitor mistakes, and create an atmosphere where shortcomings are unacceptable.
• Certification, quality seals, and improvement systems helps to maintain its goal of quality
• Important to note it is a legal concept focusing on product flaws, standards, regulations, and accountability for damages.

Mental Principles

• Principles come from personal management and acceptance of these guarantees success.
• A person's integrity expresses a natural agreement between thoughts, feelings and actions.
• Ethical behavior is encouraged as one takes responsibility for expressions and actions.
• Tolerance accommodates one's own physical and mental potential with patience.
• Honesty fosters thoroughness and diligence in following procedures/rules and courage combats fear to promote something unconventional.
• One must start improving from within.

Common Reasons for Poor Managers

• Managers have good performance records but little experience in leadership.
• Managerial traits are seen as innate, evaluations are difficult, and firms evade change.
• Manager cannot hide small mistakes and the firm owner makes the final decision.