Management Principles Quiz

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Management Fundamentals

• Management theories:
  • Classical management theory: focuses on efficiency and effectiveness, includes scientific management, administrative management, and bureaucratic management
  • Behavioral management theory: focuses on human behavior, includes Theory X, Theory Y, and contingency theory
  • Systems management theory: focuses on the organization as a whole

Scientific Management

• Key principles:
  • Standardization of tasks
  • Time-and-motion studies
  • One best way to perform a task
  • Differential pay rates
  • Systematic selection of workers
  • Work specialisation
• Key figures:
  • Frederick Taylor: developed the principles of scientific management
  • Henri Fayol: developed the administrative management theory

Administrative Management

• Key principles:
  • Division of labor
  • Authority and responsibility
  • Unity of command
  • Unity of direction
  • Scalar chain
  • Espirit de corps
• Key figures:
  • Henri Fayol: developed the administrative management theory

Bureaucratic Management

• Key principles:
  • Hierarchy of authority
  • Formal rules and regulations
  • Specialization of labor
  • Rationalization of decision-making
• Key figures:
  • Max Weber: developed the theory of bureaucracy

Contingency Theory

• Key principles:
  • No one best way to manage
  • Management approaches need to take into account the environment and the organization
  • Management approaches need to be flexible and adaptable
• Key figures:
  • No specific key figure, as contingency theory is a broad approach to management

Planning and Organization

• Key principles:
  • Planning is setting objectives and deciding how to accomplish them
  • Organizing is allocating resources and assigning tasks
  • Planning and organizing are interrelated and ongoing processes
• Key figures:
  • No specific key figure, as planning and organization are fundamental management concepts

Let me know if you have any further questions!### Defective Delegation

• Hampers coordination
• Related to the size of the organization
• Fails to establish proper controls and sources of power

Organization Structure

• Primarily concerned with allocation and delegation of tasks and authority
• Line organization is also known as scalar organization
• Matrix structure has the advantage of improved lateral communication

Behavioral Theory of Organization

• Founded by Mayo, based on Hawthrone experiments
• Emphasizes psychological and social aspects of organization
• Encourages managers to view organization as a whole and part of larger environment

Management Perspectives

• Frederick Taylor is attributed with developing the scientific management perspective
• Elton Mayo is associated with the human relations perspective

Change Management

• Reactive change refers to changes implemented by an organization due to external pressure

Human Resource Management

• Selection devices must be explained, match the job in question, and be cost-effective
• On-the-job training methods include job rotation, and vestibule training provides real-life presentations off the job
• HRD stands for Human Resource Development
• Recruitment and selection must be effective to ensure high-caliber individuals are hired at optimum cost

Direction and Communication

• Direction refers to guiding, motivating, and planning
• Communication is a two-way process, and feedback is a listener's verbal or nonverbal response to a message
• Decoding stage of communication involves receiving, processing, and storing information
• Effective communication is key to establishing rewarding relationships

Organizational Culture

• High context culture is one where much of the information is in the context or in the person
• Individualist culture is one where competition is encouraged

Motivation and Performance

• Primary motives are innate, while secondary motives are learned or acquired over time
• The Porter-Lawler model states that motivation alone cannot ensure successful performance of a task, the employee must have a clear perception of their role and required skills and abilities

Management Approaches

• Classical approach is associated with administrative management
• Behavioral approach is associated with Hawthorne studies
• Quantitative approach is associated with operations management
• Modern approach is associated with quality management