Questions and Answers
What is the main idea behind the omnipotent view of managers?
Managers are directly responsible for an organization's success or failure
What is the symbolic view of managers?
Much of an organization's success or failure is due to external forces outside managers' control
What constrains a manager's decisions and actions?
Both internal and external constraints
What are the two dimensions of environmental uncertainty?
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What is the term for institutions or forces outside of the organization that could potentially affect performance?
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Study Notes
Manager's Role: Omnipotent or Symbolic?
- Managers are seen as either omnipotent (directly responsible for an organization's success or failure) or symbolic (much of an organization's success or failure is due to external forces outside managers' control)
- In reality, managers are neither all-powerful nor helpless, but their decisions and actions are constrained
External Constraints
- External constraints come from the organization's external environment
- The environment consists of institutions or forces outside of the organization that could potentially affect performance
Environmental Uncertainty
- Environments differ in degree of environmental uncertainty
- Environmental uncertainty has two dimensions:
- Degree of change
- Degree of complexity
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