Management of Respiratory Disorders Chapter 23

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Questions and Answers

What is the most common cause of obstructive atelectasis?

Tumor or growth in an airway (correct)

Increased abdominal pressure

Retained secretions

Prolonged supine positioning

Which clinical manifestation is specifically associated with acute atelectasis?

Pleural pain

Chronic cough

Pulmonary infection

Tachycardia and tachypnea (correct)

Which nursing intervention is essential for the prevention of atelectasis?

Increasing oxygen therapy

Encouraging high fluid intake

Administering antibiotics

Frequent turning and early mobilization (correct)

What is a key indicator of possible atelectasis detected during physical assessment?

Oxygen saturation less than 90% Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is indicated if a patient with atelectasis does not respond to initial management strategies?

PEEP or CPAP Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of management for atelectasis?

Remove secretions and improve ventilation Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT typically associated with the risk of developing atelectasis?

High level of physical activity Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication of chronic atelectasis?

Pulmonary infection Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing assessment finding would suggest reduced lung volume due to a musculoskeletal disorder?

Reduced thoracic expansion Signup and view all the answers

Which is a typical cause of non-obstructive atelectasis?

Prolonged supine positioning Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of medical management for viral pneumonia?

Supportive care Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following indicates a significant reaction in a tuberculin skin test for a high-risk individual?

10 mm or greater Signup and view all the answers

What complication is associated with pneumonia that may involve infection spreading to the pleural space?

Pleural effusion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with ineffective airway clearance in pneumonia patients?

Painless cough Signup and view all the answers

What form of transmission primarily spreads Pulmonary Tuberculosis?

Airborne transmission Signup and view all the answers

Generally, how long is the recommended duration for treatment with anti-TB agents?

6-12 months Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common nursing management strategy for a patient with pneumonia?

Administering chemotherapeutics Signup and view all the answers

What condition may develop as a result of pneumonia-related respiratory failure?

Septic shock Signup and view all the answers

What does a positive sputum culture for acid-fast bacilli typically indicate?

Pulmonary tuberculosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms indicates a risk for deficient fluid volume in a pneumonia patient?

Rapid respiratory rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary causative organism of community-acquired pneumonia in individuals under 60 years without comorbidities?

S.pneumoniae Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP)?

Patients are often asymptomatic at admission Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pneumonia is specifically associated with patients receiving mechanical ventilatory support?

Ventilator-associated pneumonia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for aspiration pneumonia?

Entry of substances into the lower airway Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common form of pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts?

Bacterial pneumonia Signup and view all the answers

What is a common diagnostic finding in patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia?

Pulmonary infiltrate on chest x-ray Signup and view all the answers

Which combination of factors is associated with the risk of pneumonia in older adults?

Age > 65 and immunosuppressive disorders Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action for initial antibiotic treatment in health care-associated pneumonia?

Start immediate broad-spectrum IV antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

How can contamination of sputum samples be minimized during collection?

Rinsing the mouth with water before expectoration Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following defines clinical stability in a patient being treated for pneumonia?

Heart rate less than or equal to 100 bpm Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Atelectasis

Can be classified as acute or chronic.
Nonobstructive atelectasis occurs without airway blockage, while obstructive involves gas reabsorption or compression.
Common causes include foreign bodies, tumors, altered breathing patterns, retained secretions, pain, prolonged supine positioning, and specific surgical procedures.
Clinical signs include increasing dyspnea, cough, sputum production, tachycardia, tachypnea, pleural pain, and central cyanosis.
Chronic atelectasis may lead to pulmonary infections.
Assessment includes physical examination showing increased work of breathing, hypoxemia, decreased breath sounds, and chest X-ray confirmation.
Prevention strategies involve frequent turning, early mobilization, lung expansion techniques, and effective secretion management.
Treatment goals include improving ventilation and removing secretions, utilizing incentives like incentive spirometry and deep breathing exercises.
Advanced measures may include PEEP, CPAP, bronchoscopy, or thoracentesis if initial treatments fail.

Pneumonia

An inflammation of lung parenchyma caused by bacteria, mycobacteria, fungi, or viruses.
Types include Community-Acquired, Health Care-Associated, Hospital-Acquired, Ventilator-Associated, pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts, and aspiration pneumonia.
Common causative pathogens vary by pneumonia type, with S. pneumoniae prevalent in community settings.
Risk factors for drug-resistant infections include age, alcoholism, recent antibiotic therapy, and underlying health conditions.
Assessment involves physical examination, chest X-ray, and sputum cultures; deep cough is required for sputum sampling.
Medical management includes appropriate antibiotic therapy, clinical stability criteria, and supportive treatments for viral pneumonia.
Complications can lead to septic shock, respiratory failure, pleural effusion, and empyema.
Nursing diagnoses may include ineffective airway clearance, risk for deficient fluid volume, fatigue, and imbalanced nutrition.

Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Primarily affects lung parenchyma and is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Transmission is airborne, with various risk factors impacting susceptibility.
Diagnosis involves positive skin tests, blood tests, sputum cultures, history of exposure, and chest X-rays.
The Mantoux test indicates previous TB exposure; induration size determines significance.
Medical management includes anti-TB agents for 6 to 12 months, with a focus on preventing drug-resistant strains.
Nursing care focuses on promoting airway clearance, adhering to treatment regimens, enhancing activity and nutrition, and preventing disease transmission.

Management of Pleural Effusion

Management involves clinical assessment to determine the underlying cause.
Interventions may include thoracentesis to drain excess fluid and relieve symptoms.
Understanding the difference between transudative and exudative effusions is critical for effective treatment.

General Nursing Interventions

Education on disease prevention and management is vital for patients at risk for respiratory disorders.
Emphasis on the nursing process in caring for patients with respiratory issues, ensuring comprehensive assessment and response to patient needs.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the management of patients with chest and lower respiratory tract disorders, specifically addressing atelectasis prevention and pulmonary infections. You will compare various infections, utilize the nursing process for pneumonia care, and identify at-risk populations for pulmonary tuberculosis. Enhance your knowledge and nursing skills through this engaging quiz.