Management of Medical Emergencies

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of administering TPA during a stroke?

To replace lost insulin

To reduce blood pressure

To hydrate the patient

To dissolve blood clots (correct)

Hypoglycemia refers to high blood sugar levels that can be life threatening.

False

What are the two types of Diabetes Mellitus?

Type I and Type II

Excessive loss of water can lead to a condition called ______.

dehydration Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their descriptions:

Stroke = Also referred to as a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) Diabetes Mellitus = Characterized by hyperglycemia and disruption of metabolism Hypoglycemia = Low blood sugar levels Hyperglycemia = High blood sugar levels Signup and view all the answers

What condition is described as a failure of the cardiovascular system to maintain adequate blood pressure?

Shock Signup and view all the answers

Choking requires the use of CPR as the first response to the emergency.

False Signup and view all the answers

What can chronic hyperglycemia lead to?

Long term damage to vital organs Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of orthostatic hypotension?

Dizziness, lightheadedness, nausea, cold sweats, and possible fainting. Signup and view all the answers

Type I Diabetes Mellitus can be managed through diet and exercise alone.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe diabetes in children due to obesity?

Diabesity Signup and view all the answers

In case of burns, it is important to prevent __________ contamination.

wound Signup and view all the answers

Match the medical emergency with its appropriate management:

External Bleeding = Control bleeding and prevent shock Seizures = Protect the person from injury Choking = Perform the Heimlich maneuver Cardiac Arrest = Call 911 and assist with medication Signup and view all the answers

A sudden lack of water intake or excessive loss can lead to ______.

vascular collapse Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant risk of internal bleeding?

Trauma Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of shock?

Orthostatic Signup and view all the answers

In an emergency situation of autonomic dysreflexia, it is important to relax the SNS.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in managing a conscious patient experiencing a cardiac arrest?

Have the patient sit in a comfortable position and stay calm. Signup and view all the answers

During a seizure, it is crucial to protect the patient's __________ from injury.

modesty Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of myocardial infarction?

Blood clot in coronary arteries Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Basic Principles of Management in a Medical Emergency

Early recognition and intervention are critical in managing medical emergencies.
Understanding patient history and symptoms enhances treatment effectiveness.

Signs, Symptoms, and General Management of Selected Medical Emergencies

External Bleeding/Lacerations

Prompt control of bleeding is essential to prevent shock.

Shock

Defined as cardiovascular failure leading to inadequate blood pressure and oxygen delivery to tissues.
Causes can include decreased circulating blood volume.
Four types: Hypovolemic, Cardiogenic, Distributive, and Obstructive.

Orthostatic (Postural) Hypotension

Occurs when blood pressure drops upon standing from a sitting or lying position.
Symptoms include dizziness, lightheadedness, cold sweats, and possible syncope (fainting).
Caused by blood pooling in lower extremities, reducing venous return, cardiac output, and cerebral blood flow.

Fractures

Immediate immobilization is key to prevent further injury and manage pain.

Burns

Objectives include preventing wound contamination, alleviating pain, and preventing shock.

Seizures

Ensure patient safety by protecting from injury and maintaining modesty.

Choking

Basic life support techniques like the Heimlich maneuver may be necessary.

Autonomic Dysreflexia

An exaggerated sympathetic nervous system response to noxious stimuli, often in patients with spinal cord injuries.

Cardiac Arrest/Myocardial Infarction (MI)

Caused by obstruction of coronary arteries leading to tissue death of the myocardium.
In conscious patients: Position in a comfortable way, assess breathing, administer medications if applicable, and call 911.
In unconscious patients: Follow CAB (Circulation, Airway, Breathing) procedure and call 911 prior to CPR.

Stroke (Cerebrovascular Accident - CVA)

Early recognition is critical; ischemic strokes may benefit from TPA administration within 3 hours.
Public education on early warning signs improves response rates and outcomes.

Internal Bleeding

Often a result of trauma; can be life-threatening if not assessed and treated swiftly.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

Characterized by chronic hyperglycemia affecting metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
Two types:
- Type I (IDDM): Requires insulin injections due to lack of production.
- Type II (NIDDM): Managable through diet and exercise, sometimes requiring medications.

Hypoglycemia

Low blood sugar levels can be life-threatening; requires prompt treatment.

Hyperglycemia

High blood sugar levels may lead to diabetic coma; urgent management is important.

Dehydration

Excessive water loss or inadequate intake can lead to hypovolemia and shock if untreated.

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Description

This quiz covers the basic principles of management during medical emergencies, focusing on early intervention and patient history. It includes topics like external bleeding, shock, orthostatic hypotension, and fractures, emphasizing the importance of prompt action. Test your knowledge on recognizing signs and symptoms critical in emergency scenarios.