Management of Innovation and Change
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Questions and Answers

What are the three steps in the control process?

  • Planning initiatives, reallocating resources, assessing impact
  • Evaluating results, developing strategies, monitoring resources
  • Measuring actual performance, comparing performance against a standard, taking corrective action (correct)
  • Setting objectives, measuring performance, ensuring participation

    • Why is the control function essential in management?

  • It serves as the only means for determining whether organizational goals are being achieved. (correct)
  • It completely eliminates the need for planning and strategizing.
  • It focuses solely on the financial performance of the company.
  • It directly influences employee morale and satisfaction at all times.

    • What is one of the key requirements for effective control in an organization?

  • A system of control based on the main objectives of the organization (correct)
  • Rigid enforcement of rules without exceptions
  • Avoiding employee participation in control systems
  • Using complex metrics that are difficult for employees to understand

    • How does controlling assist in improving employee performance?

    <p>By ensuring continuous checks and an atmosphere of order and discipline (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Total Quality Management (TQM) primarily focused on?

    <p>Ensuring that every staff member is committed to high work standards (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a role of control in management?

    <p>Distributing rewards based on seniority (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does strategic controlling help to assess?

    <p>Whether the standards or targets set are accurate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant benefit of actively involving all members in the control system?

    <p>It enhances the likelihood of effective implementation of the control system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'management by walking around'?

    <p>Interacting directly with employees in their work area (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the areas examined by the balanced scorecard?

    <p>Competitive Pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of change management?

    <p>To prepare and support individuals and teams in making organizational changes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of organizational change involves making fundamental alterations to structure and culture?

    <p>Transformation change (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common issue faced during organizational change?

    <p>Employee resistance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique is NOT commonly used to stimulate innovation and creativity?

    <p>Profit Margins Analysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between planning and control?

    <p>Planning establishes goals while control ensures their achievement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best defines entrepreneurship in an organizational context?

    <p>Being ready to handle uncertainties and run a business for profit. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of value chain management?

    <p>To create a strategy that meets customer needs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Customer Relationship Management (CRM) aim to improve?

    <p>Customer relationships with the business (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process focuses on the analysis of data for business decision-making?

    <p>Business Intelligence (BI) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of control is implemented before a process to prevent problems?

    <p>Feedforward control (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Concurrent controls are primarily used for what purpose?

    <p>To monitor ongoing processes and maintain quality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which control type looks at performance after a process to determine if standards are met?

    <p>Feedback control (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Knowledge Management (KM) is best described as the process of:

    <p>Creating, sharing, and managing organizational knowledge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of feedforward controls?

    <p>They prevent potential issues before they arise (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ratio analysis primarily assess in an organization?

    <p>Financial performance relative to set standards (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of ratio focuses on an organization's ability to meet its current debt obligations?

    <p>Liquidity ratios (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is defined as the difference between the set standard and the actual performance in the controlling process?

    <p>Deviation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is e-commerce different from e-business?

    <p>E-business includes e-commerce and additional online processes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best represents the purpose of budgeting?

    <p>To allocate resources for future costs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of benchmarking?

    <p>To find best practices in order to enhance performance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does network analysis involve?

    <p>Planning, scheduling, and controlling interrelated project activities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What encompasses all activities that add value from raw materials to finished products?

    <p>Value chain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Control in Management

    Monitoring, comparing, and correcting work performance to ensure organizational goals are met.

    Control Process Steps

    Measuring performance, comparing it to a standard, and taking action to correct deviations or improve standards.

    Effective Control System

    A control system aligned with organizational goals and suitable for the organization's needs, with active participation from all members.

    Control's Role in Management

    Ensuring activities are performed as planned, resources are used efficiently, standards are accurate, and employee performance improves.

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    Total Quality Management (TQM)

    A management system where every employee is committed to high standards in all company operations.

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    Control's Importance

    Ensuring activities match plans, efficient resource use, accurate standards, and improved employee performance.

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    Control's Value

    Improving planning, empowering employees, and protecting the workplace through monitoring and correction.

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    Why Control is Necessary

    It's crucial for managers to understand if goals are met and pinpoint any deviations.

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    Feedforward Controls

    Controls that focus on preventing issues before they occur by implementing preventive actions.

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    Concurrent Controls

    Controls that monitor ongoing processes and activities to ensure consistent quality and performance.

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    Feedback Controls

    Controls that occur after a process is complete to evaluate performance and identify areas for improvement.

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    What is the role of a concurrent control?

    To monitor ongoing processes and activities to ensure consistent quality and performance. It helps keep things on track and ensure things are done correctly.

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    Why are feedback controls important?

    Feedback controls gather information about performance after a process is complete. This allows for analysis and improvement based on the results, ensuring future success.

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    What is the difference between feedforward and feedback controls?

    Feedforward controls focus on preventing issues before they happen, while feedback controls evaluate performance after a process is complete. Both are important to ensure efficient and effective operations.

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    Liquidity Ratios

    These ratios gauge a company's ability to pay off its short-term debts using its current assets.

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    Leverage Ratios

    These ratios assess how much debt a company uses to finance its assets and its capacity to manage interest payments.

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    Activity Ratios

    These ratios measure how efficiently a company uses its assets to generate revenue.

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    Profitability Ratios

    These ratios assess a company's efficiency in using its assets to generate profits.

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    Budget

    A numerical plan that allocates resources to specific activities and projects for a specific period.

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    Deviation

    The difference between the set standard and the actual performance in a controlling process.

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    Benchmarking

    The process of identifying and comparing an organization's performance against best practices, both within and outside the industry.

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    E-commerce

    The buying and selling of goods and services using the internet, including data and money transfer for transactions.

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    Management by Walking Around

    A management style where managers actively move around the workplace, observing employees and directly interacting with them.

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    Balanced Scorecard

    A performance measurement tool that goes beyond just financial figures. It considers four key areas: financial, customer, internal processes, and people/innovation/growth.

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    Planning and Control Relationship

    Planning sets organizational goals, while controlling ensures these goals are achieved. They work together to ensure success.

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    Types of Organizational Change

    There are different types of change: transformational (fundamental shift), incremental (gradual steps), organization-wide (major restructuring), and subsystem change (specific part alteration).

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    Change Management

    The process of preparing, supporting, and helping individuals, teams, and organizations to successfully adopt and navigate change.

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    Entrepreneurship

    The ability and willingness to create and run a business with its inherent risks, aiming to make a profit.

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    Brainstorming Techniques

    Methods used to generate creative ideas. These include: Brainstorming (free-flowing ideas), Focus Groups (structured discussions), Reverse Brainstorming (solving problems in reverse), and Free Association (linking ideas without restrictions).

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    Entrepreneurship's Impact

    Entrepreneurship is vital for organizations as it brings innovation, new products, and services, which drives economic growth and creates jobs.

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    Study Notes

    Controlling and Managing Innovation and Change

    • Controlling is a management function that involves monitoring, comparing, and correcting work performance.
    • Control is crucial for managers to ensure organizational goals are met.
    • The control function aids in planning, empowering employees, and workplace protection.
    • The control process is a three-step process:
      • Measuring actual performance
      • Comparing actual performance against a standard
      • Taking managerial action to correct deviations or inadequate standards.
    • Effective control systems rely on objectives aligned with the organization's goals.
    • Systems should be suitable to the specific requirements of the business organization.
    • Active participation of all members is essential for implementing a successful control system.
    • Total quality management (TQM) emphasizes staff commitment to high standards.
    • Control is a managerial function to check errors, take corrective actions, minimize deviations from standards, and ensure stated organizational goals are met.
    • Crucial activities in management include ensuring activities are performed as expected, utilizing resources effectively and efficiently, and judging accuracy of standards.
    • Effective control improves employee performance and discipline, and minimizes errors through continuous monitoring and remedial action.

    Measuring, Monitoring, and Modifying Information

    • Financial ratios are used to evaluate an organization's ability to meet its current debt obligations, use debt to finance assets, and efficiently use assets.
    • Liquidity ratios assess the ability to meet short-term obligations, leverage ratios measure the use of debt for financing assets, and activity ratios evaluate asset utilization efficiency.
    • Profitability ratios gauge asset effectiveness in profit generation.
    • Budgets are numerical plans for allocating resources to specific activities and future costs.
    • Deviation is the difference between the set standard and the actual performance.
    • Benchmarking identifies best practices among competitors or non-competitors.

    Managing Operations

    • Information technology encompasses computers, storage, networking, and processes for creating, processing, storing, securing, and exchanging electronic data.
    • E-commerce involves buying and selling online, while e-business encompasses various business processes using the internet.
    • Network analysis plans, schedules, and controls inter-related projects.
    • Value chain management aims to add value at each step from raw materials to finished products, meeting customer needs.
    • Enterprise Resource Planning integrates essential business components.
    • Customer Relationship Management (CRM) focuses on managing interactions with current, past, and future customers.
    • Knowledge management (KM) creates, shares, uses, and manages organizational knowledge and information.
    • Business Intelligence (BI) analyzes data, generating actionable insights for informed business decisions.

    Control and Evaluation of Performance

    • Feedforward controls, or pre-action controls, identify and address potential problems before they arise.
    • Concurrent controls, or steering controls, monitor ongoing activities to ensure quality and consistency.
    • Feedback controls monitor processes after completion to assess performance against standards.

    Managing Innovation and Change

    • Change management encompasses preparing, supporting, and helping organizations, teams, and individuals during organizational shifts.

    • Change drivers include technological advancements, internal process reviews, crisis management, changing customer demands, competitive pressures, mergers, and restructuring.

    • Types of organizational change include transformation, incremental, organization-wide, and subsystem change.

    • Change management techniques focus on identifying and addressing resistance, providing training, and ensuring clear communication.

    • Entrepreneurship involves developing, organizing, and managing a business and handling uncertainties to achieve profitability.

    • Entrepreneurial techniques for innovation include brainstorming, focus groups, reverse brainstorming, and free association.

    • Management by walking around involves managers interacting directly with employees in work areas.

    • Balanced scorecard, a performance management tool, assesses financial, customer, internal process, and people/innovation/growth aspects.

    • Planning and controlling processes are inter-linked; planning establishes goals, and controlling ensures accomplishment.

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    Description

    Explore the crucial role of controlling in management through this quiz. Understand the three-step control process, the importance of aligning objectives, and the necessity of active participation in establishing effective control systems. Discover how Total Quality Management (TQM) integrates staff commitment to uphold high standards.

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