43 Questions
What is another name for cryptorchidism?
Undescended testicle
At what age is orchiopexy, a surgical procedure for cryptorchidism, usually performed?
Between 6-18 months
What is a potential risk associated with cryptorchidism that needs to be addressed during education?
Infertility
What is the assessment finding for epididymitis?
Pain and tenderness in the scrotum
What is the recommended non-pharmacologic management for phimosis?
Dilatation and stretching of the foreskin
What is the purpose of applying topical steroid ointment in the management of phimosis?
To soften the tightened foreskin and facilitate retraction
Why should the foreskin never be forcibly stretched?
To prevent paraphimosis, which can lead to a medical emergency
What is not a clinical indication for circumcision according to the text?
Normal cleansing and gentle stretching of the foreskin
What is the management approach for a communicating hydrocele in children until the age of one to two years?
Observation and reassurance
When is elective surgical correction considered for a communicating hydrocele in children?
If it's not closed by one to two years of age
In what circumstances is no treatment required for non-communicating hydrocele in adults?
If there's discomfort or other complications develop
What is the recommended action if abnormal ultrasounds reveal hydrocele plus other pathology?
Refer to a urologist
What is the characteristic feature that distinguishes spermatocele from hydrocele on assessment?
Location superior to the testicle
What action should be taken if varicocele suddenly appears on the right side in an adult male?
Evaluate for a renal tumor
What is the primary presenting complaint associated with varicocele?
"Bag of worms" appearance in the scrotum
What is the common cause of spermatocele?
Blockage of the epididymal ducts
"Palpable painless, freely movable, cystic mass distinct from the testis" is a characteristic assessment finding of which condition?
Spermatocele
When should patients be instructed to inform their primary care provider about any changes in spermatocele?
Annually
What is an important action for patients with spermatocele?
Teach themselves testicular self-examination
What is the most common causative agent for epididymitis in men less than 35 years of age?
Chlamydia
What is the first-line treatment for epididymitis in sexually active adults less than 35 years of age?
Doxycycline
What sign is present when lifting the scrotum results in relief from pain in epididymitis?
Positive Prehn sign
What should be given for moderate to severe pain in epididymitis if the patient can't tolerate NSAIDs?
Acetaminophen with codeine
What is a common risk factor for hydrocele in infants?
Incomplete closure of processus vaginalis
Which diagnostic test is typically not necessary for diagnosing hydrocele?
Scrotal ultrasound
What is the most common causative agent for epididymitis in men older than 35 years?
E. coli
In which type of hydrocele does the scrotum feel heavy and enlarged, especially after activity that increases intra-abdominal pressure?
Communicating hydrocele
"Lifting the scrotum results in an increase in pain" is indicative of which condition?
(Incorrect) Torsion sign
Which antibiotic class is associated with a black box warning for tendon rupture in the treatment of epididymitis?
Fluoroquinolones
What should be given to men greater than 35 years old not suspecting STD with enteric etiology as first-line treatment for epididymitis?
Levofloxacin
What other condition can a scrotal ultrasound differentiate from hydrocele?
Hernia
What is the most appropriate initial management for testicular torsion?
Ultrasound of the scrotum
Which age group is most commonly affected by testicular torsion?
10-20 years
What is a classic finding in the assessment of hypospadias?
Dorsally hooded foreskin
What is the recommended age for surgical repair of hypospadias?
6-12 months
What is the characteristic feature of phimosis?
Inability to retract the foreskin over the glans penis
Which condition is suspected when a patient presents with a feeling of heaviness in the scrotum and testicular atrophy?
Varicocele
What investigation is needed to rule out renal tumor or venous obstruction in cases of varicocele?
IV pyelography
In which grade of varicocele is referral to urology required to discuss possible surgical intervention?
Grade 2 or 3 with greater than 20% size difference in the testes
What is the most appropriate management for subclinical grade one varicocele?
No treatment, just reassurance
What diagnostic finding is characteristic of testicular torsion?
Absence of irritative voiding symptoms
What is the likely ideology behind hypospadias?
Deformity rather than a malformation
What characterizes primary phimosis?
Present at birth due to incomplete separation of glans from epithelium
Test your knowledge about the management of communicating hydrocele in children, adolescents, and adults. This quiz covers observation, surgical correction, and the necessity of ruling out tumors before treatment.
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