Questions and Answers
What is the primary goal of an organization?
Who defined management as 'the art of getting things done through people'?
Which of the following is NOT one of the common characteristics of an organization?
What is the definition of management according to Fayol?
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What is the main difference between Taylor's definition of management and the others?
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What is the primary focus of Koontz and Weihrich's definition of management?
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Who is responsible for establishing operating policies in an organization?
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What is the primary responsibility of Lower-Level Managers?
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What type of skill involves the ability to utilize job-specific knowledge of tools, techniques, and procedures?
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Who translates top level management goals into specific goals and plans for implementation?
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What is the title often given to first-level managers?
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How many basic managerial skills are mentioned in the content?
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Which of the following is a 'thinking function' in the process of management?
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What is the primary focus of human skills in management?
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Which level of management determines a chain of command?
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What is the difference between efficiency and effectiveness?
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What is the main purpose of the controlling function in management?
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According to Whetten and Cameron (2016), what are the essential management skills?
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What is the primary role of a manager in an informational role?
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What is the primary function of planning in the process of management?
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Which of the following is not a 'doing function' in the process of management?
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What is the focus of decisional roles in management?
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What is the process of getting things done, effectively and efficiently, with and through other people?
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What is the primary focus of the liaison role?
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Which of the following is an example of an interpersonal role?
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Which of the following is not a main management function?
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What is the primary focus of conceptual skills in management?
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What is the process of determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, and how the tasks are to be grouped?
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According to Henry Mintzberg, how many roles do managers need to assume?
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What is the primary objective of the leading function in management?
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What is the main function of a Disseminator in an organization?
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Which role is responsible for taking corrective action during disputes or crises?
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What is a key responsibility of a Negotiator in an organization?
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What is a characteristic of a Spokesperson in an organization?
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What is a key function of a Resource allocator in an organization?
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What is an example of an Entrepreneur's role in an organization?
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What is a key responsibility of a reading reports in an organization?
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What is NOT a function of a Disturbance handler in an organization?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Management
- An organization is a systematic arrangement of people brought together to accomplish a specific purpose, with common characteristics including a distinct goal and purpose, people working together, a systematic structure, and an aim to serve society.
Definition of Management
- Mary Parker Follett: management is the art of getting things done through people.
- Henri Fayol: management involves forecasting, planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling.
- Frederick Winslow Taylor: management involves determining the overall policy of a business organization and finding effective and efficient ways to achieve organizational objectives.
- Koontz and Weihrich: management is the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals and groups efficiently accomplish selected goals.
Process of Management
- The four main management functions are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.
- Planning involves defining goals, establishing strategies, and developing action plans to coordinate activities towards accomplishing organizational goals.
- Organizing involves determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, and how the tasks are to be grouped.
- Leading involves directing and influencing all organizational members involved, motivating them, and resolving conflicts towards achieving organizational goals.
- Controlling involves monitoring performance, comparing it with goals, and correcting any significant deviations.
Levels of Management
- The three levels of management are top, middle, and lower-level management.
- Top-level management is responsible for the overall management of an organization, establishing operating policies, and guiding the organization's interaction with its environment.
- Middle-level management directs the activities of lower-level managers, sets objectives consistent with top-level management goals, and translates those goals into specific goals and plans for first-line managers.
- Lower-level management is responsible for the work of non-management employees, but does not supervise other managers, and is directly responsible for the production of goods and services.
Skills of Management
- Managers need three basic managerial skills: technical, human, and conceptual skills.
- Technical skills involve utilizing job-specific knowledge of tools, techniques, and procedures.
- Human skills involve working effectively with one's own work group and others, leading, motivating, and communicating effectively.
- Conceptual skills involve analyzing and diagnosing complex situations to see how things fit together and making good decisions.
Roles of Managers
- Managers need to assume multiple roles to meet the many demands of performing their functions, including interpersonal, informational, and decisional roles.
- Interpersonal roles involve managing relationships with organizational members and the society.
- Informational roles involve gathering and disseminating information to stakeholders of an organization.
- Decisional roles involve making significant use of the information process, processing information, and reaching conclusions.
Roles of Managers (Detailed)
- Interpersonal roles:
- Figurehead: performs ceremonial and symbolic duties.
- Liaison: maintains information links both inside and outside an organization.
- Leader: directs and motivates subordinates, guides and communicates with subordinates.
- Informational roles:
- Monitor: seeks and receives information, scans periodicals and reports, and maintains personal contact with stakeholders.
- Disseminator: forwards information to organizational members via memos, reports, and phone calls.
- Spokesperson: transmits information to outsiders via reports, memos, and speeches.
- Decisional roles:
- Entrepreneur: initiates improvement projects, identifies new ideas, and delegates idea realization responsibilities to others.
- Disturbance handler: takes corrective action during disputes or crises, resolves conflicts among subordinates, and adapts to environments.
- Resource allocator: decides who gets resources, prepares budgets, sets schedules, and determines priorities.
- Negotiator: represents department during negotiations, such as negotiations for union contracts, sales, purchases, and budgets.
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Description
Understand the different levels of management in an organization, including top-level, middle-level, and lower-level management. Learn about their responsibilities and roles.