Management Functions and Principles

Management Functions

• Planning: defining goals, objectives, and actions to achieve them
• Organizing: allocating resources, assigning tasks, and structuring the organization
• Leading: motivating, influencing, and directing employees
• Controlling: monitoring, measuring, and correcting performance

Management Principles

• Unity of Command: each employee reports to only one manager
• Scalar Chain: a clear line of authority from top to bottom
• Span of Control: the number of employees a manager can effectively supervise
• Division of Labor: dividing tasks into smaller, specialized jobs
• Authority and Responsibility: managers have the power to make decisions and are accountable for outcomes

Fayol's 14 Principles of Management

1. Division of Work: dividing tasks into smaller, specialized jobs
2. Authority: the right to give orders and make decisions
3. Discipline: obedience to organizational rules and regulations
4. Unity of Direction: a single plan of action for the organization
5. Subordination of Individual Interest: prioritizing organizational goals over personal interests
6. Remuneration: fair and adequate compensation for employees
7. Centralization: the degree of decision-making authority held by top management
8. Scalar Chain: a clear line of authority from top to bottom
9. Order: the arrangement of resources and personnel to achieve efficiency
10. Equity: fairness and justice in the treatment of employees
11. Stability of Tenure: job security and stability for employees
12. Initiative: encouraging employees to take initiative and make decisions
13. Esprit de Corps: promoting team spirit and unity among employees
14. Henri Fayol's Bridge: the connection between planning and controlling

Management Levels

• Top-Level Management: makes strategic decisions and sets overall direction
• Middle-Level Management: implements strategic plans and oversees operations
• Lower-Level Management: supervises employees and performs specific tasks

Management Styles

• Autocratic: decision-making authority rests with the manager
• Democratic: decision-making involves participation and input from employees
• Laissez-Faire: minimal management involvement, employees are self-directed
• Participative: employees are involved in decision-making and problem-solving

Management Functions

• Planning involves defining goals, objectives, and actions to achieve them
• Organizing allocates resources, assigns tasks, and structures the organization
• Leading involves motivating, influencing, and directing employees
• Controlling involves monitoring, measuring, and correcting performance

Management Principles

• Unity of Command: each employee reports to only one manager
• Scalar Chain: a clear line of authority from top to bottom
• Span of Control: the number of employees a manager can effectively supervise
• Division of Labor: dividing tasks into smaller, specialized jobs
• Authority and Responsibility: managers have the power to make decisions and are accountable for outcomes

Fayol's 14 Principles of Management

• Division of Work: dividing tasks into smaller, specialized jobs
• Authority: the right to give orders and make decisions
• Discipline: obedience to organizational rules and regulations
• Unity of Direction: a single plan of action for the organization
• Subordination of Individual Interest: prioritizing organizational goals over personal interests
• Remuneration: fair and adequate compensation for employees
• Centralization: the degree of decision-making authority held by top management
• Scalar Chain: a clear line of authority from top to bottom
• Order: the arrangement of resources and personnel to achieve efficiency
• Equity: fairness and justice in the treatment of employees
• Stability of Tenure: job security and stability for employees
• Initiative: encouraging employees to take initiative and make decisions
• Esprit de Corps: promoting team spirit and unity among employees
• Henri Fayol's Bridge: the connection between planning and controlling

Management Levels

• Top-Level Management: makes strategic decisions and sets overall direction
• Middle-Level Management: implements strategic plans and oversees operations
• Lower-Level Management: supervises employees and performs specific tasks

Management Styles

• Autocratic: decision-making authority rests with the manager
• Democratic: decision-making involves participation and input from employees
• Laissez-Faire: minimal management involvement, employees are self-directed
• Participative: employees are involved in decision-making and problem-solving