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What are the four main functions of management identified by George R Terry?
What are the four main functions of management identified by George R Terry?
Planning, organising, actuating, and controlling.
According to James L Lundy, what is the principal task of management?
According to James L Lundy, what is the principal task of management?
Planning, coordinating, motivating, and controlling the efforts of others.
How does Henry Fayol define the act of managing?
How does Henry Fayol define the act of managing?
To forecast and plan, to organise, to command, to co-ordinate, and to control.
Explain Peter F Drucker's view on the role of management.
Explain Peter F Drucker's view on the role of management.
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What does J.N. Schulze believe management accomplishes?
What does J.N. Schulze believe management accomplishes?
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According to Koontz and O'Donnel, what is the main purpose of management?
According to Koontz and O'Donnel, what is the main purpose of management?
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How does Stanley Vance view management's role in decision-making?
How does Stanley Vance view management's role in decision-making?
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What aspect of management does William Spriegel emphasize?
What aspect of management does William Spriegel emphasize?
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Why is management considered both a science and an art?
Why is management considered both a science and an art?
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What is the significance of professionalisation in management?
What is the significance of professionalisation in management?
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How has the growth of management education in India impacted professionalisation?
How has the growth of management education in India impacted professionalisation?
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What does Peter Drucker mean when he states that 'it is no longer relevant whether the manager is also an owner'?
What does Peter Drucker mean when he states that 'it is no longer relevant whether the manager is also an owner'?
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List the three criteria for professionalisation according to the World Council of Management.
List the three criteria for professionalisation according to the World Council of Management.
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What role does systematic knowledge play in professional management?
What role does systematic knowledge play in professional management?
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In what way does the company form of business organization affect management roles?
In what way does the company form of business organization affect management roles?
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How does the professional judgement of a manager differ from that of a non-professional?
How does the professional judgement of a manager differ from that of a non-professional?
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What was the main conclusion of the Illumination Experiment regarding the relationship between output and light intensity?
What was the main conclusion of the Illumination Experiment regarding the relationship between output and light intensity?
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How did the Relay Assembly Test Room Experiment impact productivity and morale among the participants?
How did the Relay Assembly Test Room Experiment impact productivity and morale among the participants?
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Identify one key factor that influenced productivity in the Relay Assembly Test Room Experiment aside from illumination.
Identify one key factor that influenced productivity in the Relay Assembly Test Room Experiment aside from illumination.
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What role did social satisfaction play in Mayo's conclusions about employee behavior?
What role did social satisfaction play in Mayo's conclusions about employee behavior?
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Discuss the significance of the informal atmosphere created during the Relay Assembly Test Room Experiment.
Discuss the significance of the informal atmosphere created during the Relay Assembly Test Room Experiment.
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Why was the Relay Assembly Test Room made up of a small, homogeneous work-group?
Why was the Relay Assembly Test Room made up of a small, homogeneous work-group?
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What was one finding from the Bank Wiring Test Room Experiment related to group dynamics?
What was one finding from the Bank Wiring Test Room Experiment related to group dynamics?
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Explain why the conclusions from the Hawthorne experiments are considered significant for modern organizational behavior studies.
Explain why the conclusions from the Hawthorne experiments are considered significant for modern organizational behavior studies.
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What is the main purpose of specialization in scientific management?
What is the main purpose of specialization in scientific management?
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Who is responsible for preparing detailed instructions for work in the functional foremanship scheme?
Who is responsible for preparing detailed instructions for work in the functional foremanship scheme?
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Identify the role of the Gang Boss in Taylor's functional foremanship.
Identify the role of the Gang Boss in Taylor's functional foremanship.
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What does the Speed Boss do in a functional foremanship structure?
What does the Speed Boss do in a functional foremanship structure?
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What is the primary issue between management and labor as outlined by Taylor?
What is the primary issue between management and labor as outlined by Taylor?
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Describe the role of the Repair Boss in the functional foremanship scheme.
Describe the role of the Repair Boss in the functional foremanship scheme.
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What is meant by 'mental revolution' in the context of scientific management?
What is meant by 'mental revolution' in the context of scientific management?
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Who ensures discipline and addresses absenteeism in Taylor’s functional foremanship?
Who ensures discipline and addresses absenteeism in Taylor’s functional foremanship?
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What is the primary purpose of planning in management?
What is the primary purpose of planning in management?
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Describe the organizing function in management.
Describe the organizing function in management.
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How does the direction function contribute to management?
How does the direction function contribute to management?
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Explain the importance of the controlling function in management.
Explain the importance of the controlling function in management.
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What historical evidence supports the practice of management in ancient societies?
What historical evidence supports the practice of management in ancient societies?
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What triggered the need for a formal theory of management during the Industrial Revolution?
What triggered the need for a formal theory of management during the Industrial Revolution?
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Identify the four stages in the evolution of management thought.
Identify the four stages in the evolution of management thought.
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What role does feedback play in the control function of management?
What role does feedback play in the control function of management?
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Study Notes
Definitions of Management
- George R. Terry defines management as a distinct process involving planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling to achieve objectives through people and resources.
- James L. Lundy emphasizes management as the task of planning, coordinating, motivating, and controlling efforts toward specific goals.
- Henry Fayol states that management encompasses forecasting, planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling.
- Peter F. Drucker views management as a multipurpose organ that oversees business operations, managers, workers, and work.
- J.N. Schulze describes management as the force that leads and guides organizations towards set objectives.
- Koontz and O'Donnel highlight management as creating an environment for effective group collaboration toward goals.
- Ordway Tead focuses on management as the process directing an organization to achieve established aims.
- Stanley Vance sees management primarily as decision-making and control to meet predetermined goals.
- Wheeler describes business management as a human activity managing an enterprise's organization and operations.
- William Spriegel notes management's role in directing and controlling activities toward business objectives.
Nature of Management
- Management involves both science and art, with the art of management being historically older than the science of management, which emerged more recently.
Professionalization of Management
- There is a growing trend toward the professionalization of management, enhancing social responsibility and dignity.
- Professional managers utilize specialized knowledge and independent judgment, making businesses more efficient and responsible.
- Increased demand for professional managers is linked to the evolution of business organization and the split of ownership from management.
- Peter Drucker classifies professional management as a function, task, and discipline, separating the role of manager from ownership.
Criteria for Professionalization of Management
- Professionals prioritize client and official interests over self-interest.
- A profession is based on a systematic body of knowledge applicable in practice.
- Membership in a profession requires adherence to specific conduct rules.
Core Functions of Management
- Planning: Developing short- to long-range plans to achieve organizational objectives.
- Organizing: Creating a sound organizational structure aligned with predetermined plans.
- Direction: Motivating and stimulating personnel to follow set plans.
- Controlling: Ensuring actions align with plans by providing feedback on performance for necessary adjustments.
Development of Management Thought
- Management practices originated in group living, evolving through historical periods, including ancient Greek and Roman organizational structures.
- The Industrial Revolution necessitated formal management theories to address complex industrial structures.
- Management thought evolved through four stages, beginning from a pre-scientific management period to modern theories.
Specialization in Management
- Scientific management introduced specialization, separating 'planning' from 'doing' within organizations.
- Functional foremen, as proposed by Taylor, include various roles (e.g., Route Clerk, Instruction Card Clerk) to enhance operational efficiency.
Mental Revolution in Management
- Industrial structure consists of management and labor, each vying for surplus shares—management seeks profit; labor seeks wages.
- Enhanced productivity leads to shared gains between both parties.
- Emotional and social factors significantly influence employee behavior, emphasizing the need for social satisfaction at the workplace.
The Hawthorne Experiments
- A series of experiments to study productivity were conducted at Western Electric's Hawthorne plant with four key parts:
- Illumination Experiment: Examined the link between light intensity and productivity, concluding no consistent relationship.
- Relay Assembly Test Room Experiment: Investigated the impact of social and working conditions on productivity; morale and output increased in a supportive group setting.
- Interviewing Program: Conducted to understand employee needs and aspirations.
- Bank Wiring Test Room Experiment: Further analyzed group dynamics and effects on productivity.
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Description
Test your understanding of key management definitions and theories from notable figures like George R. Terry, James L. Lundy, and Henry Fayol. This quiz will explore various concepts related to the functions and objectives of management. Perfect for students and professionals looking to reinforce their knowledge in management principles.