Management Concepts Overview
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Questions and Answers

Management today places more emphasis on

  • Working in teams (correct)
  • Individual work that can be successfully measured
  • Striving to eliminate the control function of management
  • Placing greater reliance on the government for financing

    • Which characteristic is most useful for a modern manager?

  • Technical skills
  • Supervisor
  • Organizer (correct)
  • Disciplinarian

    • How are managers today different from managers in the past?

  • Managers in the past would use praise and gentle suggestions
  • Managers in the past were less loyal to their employer
  • Managers today emphasize teamwork (correct)
  • Managers today are more likely to reprimand workers

    • One of the four primary functions of management is

    <p>Controlling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which goal best describes today's view of the organizing function?

    <p>Designing the organization around pleasing the customer at a profit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity would be a part of the leading function of management?

    <p>Training and coaching workers to help them understand their job and perform it effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As a manager, two of Samantha's greatest strengths are her ability to clearly communicate goals and her ability to guide, coach, and motivate her employees. Based on these strengths, __________ is a management function that Samantha is likely to be good at performing.

    <p>leading</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A meaningful mission statement should address topics such as the organization's

    <p>Self-concept and company philosophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    __________ are broad, long-term accomplishments an organization wants to achieve.

    <p>Goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A(n) __________ analysis is used to help companies evaluate their internal strengths and weaknesses, and develop an awareness of external threats and opportunities.

    <p>SWOT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    __________ planning determines the major goals of an organization and the policies and strategies for obtaining and using resources to achieve those goals.

    <p>Strategic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A(n) __________ would be used by a department manager as a tool for making daily and weekly assignments.

    <p>operational plan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first step in the rational decision-making model is to

    <p>define the situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a company in which an effective vision has been provided

    <p>Employees are likely to have a sense of purpose and a common set of values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A basic difference between goals and objectives is that goals are

    <p>Concerned with broad, long-term accomplishments, while objectives focus on specific short-term details</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a firm makes use of SWOT analysis, one of its objectives is to

    <p>Identify the things it does well as an organization and the things it needs to improve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Karleen was hired by a corporation to take over as the new CEO. Her initial impression is that the company is disorderly, primarily because the employees do not have a sense of purpose or a common set of values. Karleen's remarks suggest that she needs to provide a(n) __________ for the company.

    <p>vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    __________ is the management function that involves allocating resources, assigning tasks, and establishing procedures for accomplishing the organizational objectives.

    <p>Organizing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Middle managers are responsible for

    <p>Assigning specific jobs and evaluating the daily performance of workers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Supervisory managers spend most of their time on

    <p>Technical and human relations skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Leadership, coaching, and morale building are all part of a manager's __________ skills.

    <p>human relations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which management position is responsible for getting the right information to other managers to enable them to make better decisions?

    <p>Chief Information Officer (CIO)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By comparing the types of skills used by managers at different levels within an organization, which statement is true?

    <p>First-line managers use mainly technical and human relations skills, while top managers devote most of their time to activities involving human relations and conceptual skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dinah is responsible for hiring, motivating, and retaining the best employees for her organization. Dinah is in charge of

    <p>Staffing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    __________ involves creating a vision for others to follow, establishing corporate values and ethics, and transforming the way an organization does business so that it is more effective and efficient.

    <p>Leadership</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Organizing a business begins with

    <p>Determining the work to be done</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dividing tasks into smaller jobs is called

    <p>Job specialization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of setting up individual units of the business to do specialized tasks is called

    <p>Departmentalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should a successful business react to changes in the market?

    <p>Go back to basic organizational principles and rebuild the firm on a solid foundation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information is provided by an organization chart?

    <p>The relationships between people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The concept of __________ suggests that as a firm produces more, the average cost of goods produced goes down.

    <p>economies of scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mass production refers to

    <p>The development of ways to produce a large quantity of product efficiently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fayol's _________ principle states that each worker should report to one, and only one, boss.

    <p>Unity of command</p> Signup and view all the answers

    __________ believed that managers were trustworthy and companies would do well if employees simply did what they were told.

    <p>Max Weber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The line of authority that moves from the top of a hierarchy to the lowest level is called the

    <p>Chain of command</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One feature of a bureaucratic organization is that

    <p>Employees know they are expected to follow the rules and regulations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Economies of scale occur when

    <p>A firm reduces its average cost of production as it produces more</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strategy can companies use to help employees address customer needs more quickly?

    <p>Empowerment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Stoney, a bank financial manager, always attempts to treat each subordinate with respect and fairness. Stoney's treatment of employees is an example of Fayol's principle of

    <p>Equity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the degree of decentralization of a firm?

    <p>The degree to which lower-level management is empowered to make decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a(n) __________ authority organization, decision-making authority is concentrated at the top level of management.

    <p>centralized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The optimum number of subordinates a manager can supervise is referred to as the

    <p>span of control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does information technology impact a manager's span of control?

    <p>Information technology allows managers to handle more information, so span of control widens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Due to more emphasis on empowerment and more talented and better-educated non-management employees, span of control in organizations has

    <p>Decreased</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ an organization's structure, the __________ the span of control.

    <p>flatter; wider</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The trend today is for large organizations to empower employees with authority and responsibility to make decisions, allowing the organization to

    <p>Respond quickly to customer demands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    __________ refers to the process of dividing organizations into separate units.

    <p>Departmentalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The traditional technique used to departmentalize an organization is by

    <p>Function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A __________ organization is characterized by direct two-way lines of responsibility, authority, and communication running from the top to the bottom of the organization, with all people reporting to only one supervisor.

    <p>line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Line-and-staff organizations work well in organizations with

    <p>A relatively unchanging environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In recent years, the service sector of the U.S. economy has

    <p>Grown much more rapidly than the manufacturing sector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Manufacturing output in the United States continues to increase. The dropping employment rate of people working in the manufacturing sector

    <p>Is due to the increased efficiencies created by technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of industry and employment in the United States, it can be said that

    <p>American industry will likely never employ as many people as it did in the 1950s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To remain competitive globally, American manufacturing must

    <p>Keep up with the latest international production techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Production management is the term historically used to describe all the activities managers do to help their firms create

    <p>Goods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The U.S. economy is now driven by

    <p>Services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Operations management in the service sector is focused on creating

    <p>Good experiences for those who use the service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When it comes to artificial intelligence (AI), businesses in the service industry

    <p>Have significantly increased their use of AI in their operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For most service businesses, the quality standard has become

    <p>Pleasing customers by anticipating their needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A luxury hotel chain offers restaurants with the finest service, elevators that run smoothly, and a front desk that checks people in quickly. Often, fresh-cut flowers are in the lobbies and dishes of fruit are in each room. __________ is responsible for implementing these customer benefits.

    <p>Operations management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Production activities that add value create

    <p>Form utility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    __________ utility is the value added by the creation of finished goods and services using raw materials, components, and other inputs.

    <p>Form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In __________, materials are physically or chemically changed to produce a product.

    <p>Process manufacturing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the past, the idea behind mass production was to

    <p>Make large quantities of a limited variety of products at very low cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In __________, machines are designed to do multiple tasks so that they can produce a variety of products.

    <p>flexible manufacturing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The goal of lean manufacturing is to

    <p>produce goods and services with less of everything that goes into the process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Although robotic technology may take over certain roles, human contributions are still valuable because

    <p>are more adaptable to change than robots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A basic characteristic of flexible manufacturing is that it

    <p>uses machines designed to perform multiple tasks so they can be used to produce a variety of products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A company becomes lean by __________ its capacity to produce high-quality goods while __________ its need for resources.

    <p>decreasing; increasing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The use of __________ has increased productivity along the assembly line and within service-based businesses while simultaneously causing a reduction in jobs for people.

    <p>robots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    __________ is the process of selecting a geographic location for a company's operations.

    <p>Facility location</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a likely reason that a company would move its facility from one location to another?

    <p>access to various modes of transportation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Firms that have a goal of _________ tend to locate facilities with access to major highways, ports, railways, and airports.

    <p>reducing time to market</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Modular facilities layouts consist of

    <p>lines of workers who do a small series of tasks and then pass along the product through the line to the next worker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The personal satisfaction people feel when they have done a job well is a(n) _________ reward.

    <p>intrinsic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    __________ is considered the 'father' of scientific management.

    <p>Frederick Taylor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Frank and Lillian Gilbreth developed the principle of __________, which said that every job could be broken down into a therblig.

    <p>motion economy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is the best description of how scientific management viewed employees?

    <p>Employees are like machines that must be properly programmed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The original goal of the Hawthorne studies was to determine

    <p>the level of illumination that was associated with optimum productivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The concept that a hierarchy of human needs could be used to explain motivation was developed by

    <p>Abraham Maslow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A social worker explained to a group of foster parents that all children want to feel accepted and loved. Which of the needs in Maslow's hierarchy does this describe?

    <p>social</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Herzberg's research identified several __________ factors that were related to the job environment.

    <p>hygiene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    __________ used the terms Theory X and Theory Y to describe different attitudes managers have about employees.

    <p>Douglas McGregor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    __________ is based on the notion that setting ambitious but attainable goals will improve motivation and performance if the goals are accepted, accompanied by feedback, and facilitated by organizational conditions.

    <p>Goal-setting theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The purpose of management by objectives is to

    <p>help employees motivate themselves with a goal-setting model that involves discussion, review, and evaluation by management and employees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    __________ is a system of goal setting and implementation that involves a cycle of discussion, review, and evaluation of objectives among top and middle managers, supervisors, and employees.

    <p>Management by objectives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Management by objectives is most effective in organizations that

    <p>are relatively stable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the work environment, __________ means to work with an employee, doing part of the work if necessary.

    <p>coaching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to expectancy theory, the amount of effort employees exert on a specific task depends on their

    <p>expectations of the outcome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    __________ is the process of determining human resource needs and then recruiting, selecting, developing, motivating, evaluating, compensating, and scheduling employees to achieve organizational goals.

    <p>Human resource management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ultimate resource of a firm is its

    <p>employees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One of the key functions of human resource management is

    <p>recruiting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Today, human resource management is considered a function which is

    <p>increasing in importance as a means of achieving organizational goals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Today, the ability to compete in global markets depends most on

    <p>the labor force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In coming years, high-tech growth areas such as computer technology, biotechnology, and robotics are likely to experience a

    <p>shortage of skilled labor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One aspect of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is that it

    <p>prohibits discrimination based on race, religion, sex, creed, or national origin in matters such as hiring, firing, training, and compensation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Family and Medical Leave Act provides

    <p>unpaid leave of up to 12 weeks for men and women for the birth or adoption of infants, or to care for an immediate family member who may be ill.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An important U.S. government organization charged with setting human resource management guidelines is

    <p>the EEOC (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to U.S. business law, accommodation means

    <p>providing services for employees according to their specific needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first step in the human resources planning process is to

    <p>prepare a forecast of human resource needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The last step of the human resource planning system is to

    <p>establish a strategic plan for recruiting, selecting, training, appraising, compensating, and scheduling the labor force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A __________ explains what an employee would actually do at various jobs.

    <p>job analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ which is developed based on the previous four steps of the human resource planning process, addresses how the firm will accomplish a wide array of human resource functions such as recruiting, selecting, training and developing, appraising, compensating, and scheduling its employees.

    <p>strategic plan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    GlassDoor and Indeed are examples of

    <p>websites that firms can use to recruit employees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A(n) __________ is an employee organization that represents workers in employee-management bargaining over job-related issues.

    <p>union</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The presence of formal labor organizations in the United States dates back to the

    <p>late 1800s.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first national labor organization in the United States was the

    <p>Knights of Labor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a(n) _________, all the members are skilled specialists in a particular trade.

    <p>craft union</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The two major influences on the growth of unions in the United States were

    <p>laws that supported unionizing and public opinion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    __________ is the process by which representatives of a union meet with representatives of management to negotiate a contract for workers.

    <p>collective bargaining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first federal minimum wage was established in 1938 by the

    <p>Fair Labor Standards Act.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The objectives of labor unions have

    <p>shifted with social and economic conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under a(n) __________ shop agreement, workers must belong to the union before they are hired.

    <p>closed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    __________ is the use of a third party to encourage labor and management to continue negotiating in an effort to settle a labor dispute or achieve a mutually acceptable labor-management agreement.

    <p>Mediation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Historically, the most potent union tactic when collective bargaining efforts break down has been the

    <p>strike.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    __________B are workers a company hires to replace workers who are out on strike.

    <p>Strikebreakers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A comparison of compensation of CEOs in the United States with compensation of top executives in Europe shows that

    <p>executives in the U.S. are compensated at a much higher rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    __________ is the demand for equal pay for jobs requiring similar levels of education, training, and skill.

    <p>comparable worth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the U.S. today, women earn close to __________ of what men earn, though the disparity varies considerably by profession, experience, and level of education.

    <p>84 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name of the leadership speaker from the TED talk we watched in class and name his theory and the three areas of the theory?

    <p>Simon Sinek; Start with Why; why, how, what</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four functions of management?

    <p>Planning, Organizing, Leading, Controlling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does SWOT mean and identify which areas are internal and external to the organization?

    <p>Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats; Strengths and Weaknesses are internal, Opportunities and Threats are external.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four types of planning?

    <p>Strategic, Tactical, Operational, Contingency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name of the company in the video we watched in class regarding operations management in action and share three methods and features of this company?

    <p>Toyota; Just-in-Time production, Lean manufacturing, Kaizen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four types of facility layout options in operations management planning shared in the classroom slides?

    <p>Process, Product, Fixed-position, Hybrid layouts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give two examples of intrinsic and extrinsic rewards discussed in class.

    <p>Intrinsic: Personal satisfaction, Achievement; Extrinsic: Bonuses, Promotions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name four of the six counterproductive behaviors discussed in the group session of class.

    <p>Absenteeism, Turnover, Workplace incivility, Poor performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name four of the five stages of Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs.

    <p>Physiological, Safety, Love/Belonging, Esteem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does MBO stand for and name three of the five areas shared in the classroom slides.

    <p>Management By Objectives; Goal setting, Performance assessment, Employee involvement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Management Today

    • Managers today emphasize teamwork and collaboration over individual work.
    • Technical skills are less important now as managers focus on leadership and human relations.
    • Modern managers focus on achieving unified opinions from a diverse workforce.

    Four Primary Functions of Management

    • The four primary functions of management are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.

    Planning

    • Goals are broad, long-term accomplishments an organization wants to achieve.
    • Objectives are specific, short-term details that support goals.
    • Strategic planning focuses on long-term goals, policies, and strategies for resource allocation.
    • Tactical planning creates specific plans and procedures for accomplishing objectives.
    • SWOT analysis evaluates internal strengths and weaknesses, and external threats and opportunities.
    • Vision provides a sense of purpose and shared values.

    Organizing

    • Departmentalization is the process of dividing tasks into smaller, specialized jobs.
    • Organization charts illustrate the relationships between people within an organization.
    • Economies of scale occur when the average cost of goods produced decreases as production increases.
    • Mass production involves developing efficient ways to produce large quantities of products.

    Leading

    • Leadership involves creating a vision, establishing values and ethics, and transforming business practices for effectiveness.
    • Human relations skills are crucial for motivating and managing employees.

    Controlling

    • Controlling involves comparing actual performance to planned performance and taking corrective action.

    Organizational Structure

    • Line of authority refers to the chain of command from top to bottom.
    • Decentralization concentrates decision-making authority at lower levels.
    • Span of control refers to the number of subordinates a manager can effectively supervise.
    • Departmentalization refers to the process of dividing organizations into separate units.
    • Line organization has direct responsibility and communication lines running through the hierarchy.
    • Line-and-staff organization includes line managers responsible for production and staff managers focused on specific areas such as HR or finance.

    Production and Operations Management

    • The service sector has grown faster than manufacturing in the U.S. economy.
    • Technology drives efficiency and automation in manufacturing, reducing employment.
    • Operations management focuses on creating good experiences for service customers.
    • Production management involves activities related to creating goods.
    • Operations management focuses on both goods and services.
    • Utility is the value added by production activities.
    • Form utility is added by transforming raw materials into finished products..
    • Mass production aimed to make large quantities of products at low cost.
    • Flexible manufacturing uses machines designed for multiple tasks.
    • Lean manufacturing minimizes waste and resources used in production.

    Impact of Technology

    • Artificial intelligence (AI) use in service and manufacturing industries is increasing.
    • Robotics technology has led to increased productivity and job displacement.
    • 3D printing enables the creation of complex products using computer-aided design and manufacturing.

    Facility Location and Layout

    • Companies relocate facilities for a variety of reasons, like improved access to transportation, lower labor costs, or closer proximity to resources.
    • Firms seeking to reduce time to market tend to place facilities near major highways, ports, railways, and airports.
    • Modular facilities layouts consist of teams of workers collaborating on complex assembly tasks.

    Human Resources Management

    • Human resource management encompasses recruiting, selecting, developing, motivating, evaluating, compensating, and scheduling employees to achieve organizational goals.
    • High-tech industries, like computer technology, biotechnology, and robotics, face a shortage of skilled labor.
    • Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination based on race, religion, sex, creed, or national origin in employment.
    • The Family and Medical Leave Act provides unpaid leave for up to 12 weeks for men and women to care for newborn infants, adopted children, or ill family members.
    • The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) sets guidelines for human resource management.
    • The first step in human resources planning is to prepare a human resource inventory.
    • The last step in human resources planning is to establish a strategic plan for various human resource functions like recruiting, selecting, training, appraising, compensating, and scheduling.

    Labor Unions and Collective Bargaining

    • Labor unions advocate for workers' rights and negotiate contracts with employers.
    • The Knights of Labor was the first national labor organization in the United States.
    • Collective bargaining is the process where union and management representatives negotiate a contract for workers.
    • The Fair Labor Standards Act established the federal minimum wage in 1938.
    • A closed shop agreement requires workers to be union members before being hired.
    • Mediation involves a third party facilitating negotiation between labor and management to resolve disputes or reach agreements.
    • Strikes are a common tactic used by unions during collective bargaining breakdowns.
    • Comparable worth is the concept of paying equal wages to both genders for jobs requiring similar levels of education, training, and skill.

    Motivation and Management

    • Intrinsic rewards refer to internal satisfaction derived from job accomplishment, while extrinsic rewards are external motivators like bonuses or promotions.
    • Counterproductive behaviors include tardiness, absenteeism, and theft.
    • Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs includes physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization needs.
    • Management by Objectives (MBO) is a goal-setting and implementation system involving discussion, review, and evaluation of objectives between managers and employees.

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    20241018 Exam 2 Chapter 7-12 Student Study Guide PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores key concepts in modern management practices, emphasizing teamwork, leadership, and the four primary functions of management: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Delve into strategic and tactical planning, as well as tools like SWOT analysis, to understand the essential components of effective management.

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