Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of internal control?
What is the primary function of internal control?
- Standardizing job descriptions.
- Allowing motivated individuals to exercise self-discipline. (correct)
- Facilitating external audits.
- Imposing strict supervision.
What fosters the practice of self-control within an organization?
What fosters the practice of self-control within an organization?
- Rigid adherence to authority.
- High levels of bureaucracy.
- Standard operating procedures.
- Trust and an inclusive organizational culture. (correct)
Which type of control is characterized by influencing behavior through policies and procedures?
Which type of control is characterized by influencing behavior through policies and procedures?
- Market control.
- Self-control.
- Bureaucratic control. (correct)
- Clan control.
What is the basis of clan control in an organization?
What is the basis of clan control in an organization?
What does strategic control provide to an organization?
What does strategic control provide to an organization?
How does market control influence organizations?
How does market control influence organizations?
What is the focus of input standards in the control process?
What is the focus of input standards in the control process?
What is NOT a part of output standards in controlling?
What is NOT a part of output standards in controlling?
What is the main goal of feedforward controls in the management process?
What is the main goal of feedforward controls in the management process?
Which type of control focuses on monitoring operations during the work process?
Which type of control focuses on monitoring operations during the work process?
What distinguishes feedback controls from the other types of controls?
What distinguishes feedback controls from the other types of controls?
Which of the following statements about the control process is true?
Which of the following statements about the control process is true?
What is a benefit of implementing control processes in management?
What is a benefit of implementing control processes in management?
How do feedforward controls assist managers?
How do feedforward controls assist managers?
In what order do the types of controls generally occur in the management process?
In what order do the types of controls generally occur in the management process?
What is the primary focus of feedback controls?
What is the primary focus of feedback controls?
What is the purpose of inventory control?
What is the purpose of inventory control?
Which method triggers new inventory orders when levels fall to specific points?
Which method triggers new inventory orders when levels fall to specific points?
What does the breakeven point indicate?
What does the breakeven point indicate?
Which financial ratio assesses the ability to generate cash to cover bills?
Which financial ratio assesses the ability to generate cash to cover bills?
What aspect does asset management ratio focus on?
What aspect does asset management ratio focus on?
Which of the following is NOT a factor used in developing balanced scorecard goals?
Which of the following is NOT a factor used in developing balanced scorecard goals?
Breakeven analysis is primarily used for what purpose?
Breakeven analysis is primarily used for what purpose?
Which factor contributes to customer satisfaction as per the balanced scorecard?
Which factor contributes to customer satisfaction as per the balanced scorecard?
What is the primary objective of measuring actual performance in the control process?
What is the primary objective of measuring actual performance in the control process?
What is the formula used to determine the need for action in the control process?
What is the formula used to determine the need for action in the control process?
Which of the following is NOT a method of comparison for evaluating actual performance?
Which of the following is NOT a method of comparison for evaluating actual performance?
What does 'management by exception' primarily focus on?
What does 'management by exception' primarily focus on?
What is the purpose of a Gantt chart in project management?
What is the purpose of a Gantt chart in project management?
What two techniques does the CPM/PERT method combine?
What two techniques does the CPM/PERT method combine?
What type of situation occurs when actual performance exceeds desired performance?
What type of situation occurs when actual performance exceeds desired performance?
Which of the following statements best describes effective control in management?
Which of the following statements best describes effective control in management?
Flashcards
Controlling in Management
Controlling in Management
The process of monitoring performance and taking actions to achieve desired outcomes.
Feedforward Control
Feedforward Control
Control applied before a task begins to prevent problems.
Concurrent Control
Concurrent Control
Monitoring ongoing work processes to maintain accuracy and adherence to plans.
Feedback Control
Feedback Control
Evaluating the quality of outcomes after a task is completed.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Control process in management
Control process in management
A systematic way of ensuring goals are being achieved.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Organizational Learning from Control
Organizational Learning from Control
Gaining knowledge from monitoring activities and their outcomes.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Control Types
Control Types
Feedforward, concurrent, feedback – diverse types of controls used in management
Signup and view all the flashcards
Consequences of poor Control
Consequences of poor Control
Unplanned outcomes, wasted resources, and missed opportunities.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Internal Control
Internal Control
Individuals and teams regulate their actions to meet job expectations through self-discipline.
Signup and view all the flashcards
External Control
External Control
Supervisors and formalized systems are used to monitor and guide employee behavior.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Self-Control
Self-Control
Employees regulate their own behavior to achieve both work and personal objectives.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Bureaucratic Control
Bureaucratic Control
Influence through formal rules, policies, job descriptions, budgets, and supervision.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Clan Control
Clan Control
Influence through shared values and expectations within an organization's culture.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Strategic Control
Strategic Control
Guidance during project implementation based on new happenings and changes.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Market Control
Market Control
Customer and competitor behavior's influence on business practices.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Output Standards
Output Standards
Performance measures focused on the quality, quantity, cost, time, and error rates of final outcomes.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Measure Performance
Measure Performance
The step in the control process where you carefully collect data about actual performance outcomes and efforts, comparing them to the original plan.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Significant Difference
Significant Difference
In the Control Process, this refers to a noticeable gap between what was planned and how things actually turned out.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Comparison Methods
Comparison Methods
Tools like engineering comparisons (comparing to industry standards), historical comparisons (looking at past performance) and relative comparisons (comparing to competitors) help us understand how well we're doing.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Problem vs. Opportunity
Problem vs. Opportunity
Two types of 'exceptions' in management control; a problem situation indicates performance is below expectations, while an opportunity situation means we're exceeding them.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Project Management
Project Management
The art of planning, overseeing, and controlling projects, focusing on unique, one-time events within a predetermined time frame.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Gantt Chart
Gantt Chart
A visual tool for project management, depicting tasks on a timeline to show their dependencies and durations.
Signup and view all the flashcards
CPM/PERT
CPM/PERT
A combined approach to project management that includes the critical path method (identifying crucial tasks) and program evaluation and review technique (assessing dependencies) to ensure projects stay on track.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Network Map
Network Map
A visual representation of a project showing the interconnected tasks and their relationships, including the critical path.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Inventory Control
Inventory Control
Managing inventory levels to meet immediate needs without excessive stock.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)
Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)
A method to calculate the optimal order size for inventory, minimizing ordering and holding costs.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Just-in-Time Scheduling
Just-in-Time Scheduling
Receiving materials right before they're needed for production, minimizing waste and storage.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Breakeven Point
Breakeven Point
The point where total revenue equals total costs, resulting in no profit or loss.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Breakeven Analysis
Breakeven Analysis
A tool to calculate the breakeven point and analyze profitability under different conditions.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Liquidity
Liquidity
A company's ability to pay its short-term debts using available cash.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Leverage
Leverage
Using debt to finance operations and amplify returns on investment.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Balanced Scorecard
Balanced Scorecard
A framework to measure performance across various aspects of a business, including finances, customers, internal processes, and learning.
Signup and view all the flashcardsStudy Notes
Management - Chapter 9: Control Processes and Systems
- Learning Objectives:
- Identify control types used by managers and their reasons
- List and describe the steps in the control process
- Explain common control tools and techniques
Why and How Managers Control
-
Controlling: The process of measuring performance and taking action to ensure desired results. It plays a crucial role in management, ensuring things happen at the right time, in the right way, with a focus on organizational learning (like after-action reviews).
-
Role of Controlling: Interconnected with planning (setting direction), organizing (creating structures) and leading (inspiring effort).
Types of Controls
-
Feedforward controls: Implemented before a task begins, aiming to solve problems before they happen. Ensures objectives are clear, proper directions are set, and resources are readily available.
-
Concurrent controls: Focus on what happens during a work project. Monitor ongoing operations to maintain alignment with plans, facilitating problem-solving in real time.
-
Feedback controls: Occur after tasks are finished. Evaluate the quality of end results, addressing problems that arose and preventing future issues.
The Control Process (Four Steps):
-
Step 1: Establish performance objectives and standards (output and input). Output standards measure results (quantity, quality, cost, time, error rates). Input standards measure effort (amount of work).
-
Step 2: Measure actual performance. Accurate measurement is key, focusing on identifying significant variation from the original plan.
-
Step 3: Compare actual performance with performance standards. Determining need for action. Comparison techniques like engineering, historical, and relative comparisons are employed.
-
Step 4: Take necessary corrective action when a difference between desired and actual performance exists. Management by exception prioritizes situations needing the most attention (problem or opportunity).
Control Tools and Techniques
-
Project Management: Overall planning, supervision and control over projects.
- Projects: Unique one-time events within defined periods.
- Gantt charts: Graphic displays of tasks required to finish a project.
- CPM/PERT: Critical Path Method/Program Evaluation and Review Technique, combines methods for critical path determination.
-
Inventory Control: Ensures inventory only meets immediate needs.
- Economic Order Quantity: New orders when inventory is low.
- Just-in-time Scheduling: Materials arrive when needed.
-
Breakeven Analysis: Determines the point where revenues equal costs. "What-if" tool for business decisions.
-
Financial Statements: Understanding balance sheets (assets, liabilities, equity) and income statements (revenue, expenses, net income or loss).
-
Financial Ratios: Liquidity, leverage, asset management, and profitability ratios, crucial for evaluating a business's financial health.
-
Balanced Scorecard: A framework to define goals and measures in areas of financial performance, customer satisfaction, internal processes, and innovation/learning.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.