Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the mammary glands?
What is the primary function of the mammary glands?
- Secrete milk during lactation (correct)
- Produce hormones
- Provide structural support
- Store fat
Which of the following accurately describes the location of the breast?
Which of the following accurately describes the location of the breast?
- In the abdominal cavity
- Within the deep fascia of the pectoral region (correct)
- On the surface of the pectoralis major muscle
- Enclosed in a special capsule
What structure provides support to the breast by connecting it to the skin?
What structure provides support to the breast by connecting it to the skin?
- Alveolar ducts
- Cooper's ligaments (correct)
- Retromammary space
- Montgomery glands
What is the typical weight range of a breast during lactation?
What is the typical weight range of a breast during lactation?
Which layer of the superficial fascia is the mammary gland located within?
Which layer of the superficial fascia is the mammary gland located within?
How many lobes does each breast typically consist of?
How many lobes does each breast typically consist of?
Where is the nipple (papilla mammaria) typically located?
Where is the nipple (papilla mammaria) typically located?
What is the name of the dilated part of the lactiferous duct just before it terminates?
What is the name of the dilated part of the lactiferous duct just before it terminates?
What are the Areolar (Montgomery) glands primarily associated with?
What are the Areolar (Montgomery) glands primarily associated with?
Which arteries supply blood to the breast?
Which arteries supply blood to the breast?
What layer of fascia is located anterior to the pectoralis major muscle?
What layer of fascia is located anterior to the pectoralis major muscle?
Where does the majority of the lymph drainage from the breast go?
Where does the majority of the lymph drainage from the breast go?
Which of the following components contributes to the internal structure of the breast?
Which of the following components contributes to the internal structure of the breast?
What anatomical feature differentiates the upper part of the breast in terms of support?
What anatomical feature differentiates the upper part of the breast in terms of support?
Which type of tissue forms most of the breast except during lactation?
Which type of tissue forms most of the breast except during lactation?
What role does the autonomic nervous system play in milk secretion?
What role does the autonomic nervous system play in milk secretion?
Which of the following is NOT a nerve that innervates the breast?
Which of the following is NOT a nerve that innervates the breast?
What is the term for the opening of the lactiferous duct at the nipple?
What is the term for the opening of the lactiferous duct at the nipple?
Which group of axillary lymph nodes is primarily involved in lymph drainage from the breast?
Which group of axillary lymph nodes is primarily involved in lymph drainage from the breast?
What type of tissue is found surrounding and between the glandular tissue of the breast?
What type of tissue is found surrounding and between the glandular tissue of the breast?
Study Notes
Mammary Glands
- Modified skin glands located within the superficial fascia
- No special capsule or sheath
- Capable of secreting milk (lactation)
- Present in both sexes
Size and Weight
- Weight:
- 150-200 grams (non-lactating)
- 400-500 grams (lactating)
Shape and Localization
- Hemispherical shape prepuberty
- Shape changes with puberty, adolescence, pregnancy, lactation, and menopause
- Localized in the pectoral region within the superficial fascia
- Extends from the 2nd (or 3rd) to 6th (or 7th) ribs
- Spans from the sternum to the midaxillary line
Superficial Fascia
- Superficial fascia is divided into two layers:
- Superficial layer
- Deep layer
- Mammary Gland is located within the deep layer of superficial fascia
- Deep layer of superficial fascia forms the retromammary space
Deep Fascia
- Located anterior to pectoralis major muscle
- Suspensory Ligaments (of Cooper):
- Fibrous bands running between the skin and deep fascia
- Provide support to the breast, especially strong in the upper part
Clavipectoral Fascia
- Deep fascia projecting to the clavicle and attaching to it
Axillary Tail
- Superolateral part of the breast extending towards the axilla
- May pierce the deep fascia and be close to axillary lymph nodes
External Features
- Intermammary cleft: Space between the right and left breasts
- Body of breast
- Nipple (papilla mammaria):
- Located at the 4th intercostal space
- Areola (areola mammae):
- Colored area of skin surrounding the nipple
- Contains Areolar (Montgomery) glands
- Circular smooth muscle in nipple & areola (M. sphincter papilla)
Internal Structure
- Composed of 3 tissues:
- Glandular tissue:
- 15-20 lobes radiating out from the nipple
- Each lobe has one lactiferous duct draining the lobe
- Lactiferous ducts pass through the nipple opening onto its tip (ostium papillare)
- Lactiferous sinus (ampulla): Dilated part of the lactiferous duct serving as a milk reservoir during lactation
- Fatty tissue:
- Surrounds and is between glandular tissue
- Forms most of the breast except during lactation
- Connective tissue
- Glandular tissue:
Blood Supply
- Arteries:
- Lateral mammary branches: From the 2nd to 4th posterior intercostal arteries and lateral thoracic artery
- Medial mammary branches: From the internal thoracic artery
- Thoracoacromial artery: Branch of the axillary artery
Venous Drainage
- Internal thoracic vein
- Axillary vein
- Intercostal vein
Nerve Supply
- Supraclavicular nerve
- 2nd to 6th intercostal nerves:
- Anterior cutaneous branches
- Lateral cutaneous branches
- Autonomic nervous system: Controls milk secretion
Lymphatic Drainage
- Axillary lymph nodes: receive 75% of lymph drainage
- Pectoral Group
- Subscapular Group
- Apical Group
- Parasternal lymph nodes receive the remaining lymph
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Description
Explore the anatomy and physiology of mammary glands. This quiz covers their structure, size, localization, and changes throughout different life stages. Understand the role of superficial and deep fascia in relation to the mammary gland.
