MALT (Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue) Immune Response
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Questions and Answers

What is the result of induction at one mucosal site?

  • Gives a strong response at the local effector site and can also give a response at other distant sites (correct)
  • Gives a weak response at the local effector site
  • Supresses the response at the local effector site
  • Gives a response only at the inductive site

    • What are the two inductive sites in GALT?

  • MALT and SALT
  • TALT and BALT
  • Peyer's patches and isolated lymphoid follicles (correct)
  • NALT and GALT

    • What is the function of M cells?

  • To uptake and transport particulate antigens (correct)
  • To activate T cells
  • To present antigens to B cells
  • To produce IgA

    • What is the pathway for immune cells via Peyer's patches?

    <p>Drains into mesenteric lymph node and then feeds into systemic circulatory system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of CD4+:CD8+ T cells in the Lamina Propria?

    <p>2:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Peyer's patches?

    <p>To give rise to IgA, which produce plasma cells that hone to all mucosal sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of dendritic cells in M cell function?

    <p>To bind and activate T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four cells specific to the mucosal immune system?

    <p>Epithelial cells, M cells, intraepithelial lymphocytes, and Gammadelta T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the integrin expressed by most T cells in the Lamina Propria?

    <p>Alpha4beta7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ligand for alpha4beta7 integrin expressed by T cells in the Lamina Propria?

    <p>MadCAM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Tregs in the Lamina Propria?

    <p>To regulate/suppress other immune cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Th17 cells in the Lamina Propria?

    <p>To maintain epithelial barrier function and activate neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the full acronym for the process of Lamina Propria T cell migration?

    <p>CRTAD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of IELs in the epithelial layer?

    <p>To protect and maintain the epithelial barrier layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mucosal B cells?

    <p>To produce IgA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What switches the production of IgM to IgA in mucosal B cells?

    <p>TGFbeta and IL-5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between IgA and IgG?

    <p>IgA is produced in response to mucosal infections, while IgG is produced in response to systemic infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of AlphaEbeta7 integrin in IELs?

    <p>It binds to E-cadherin on epithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of IELs?

    <p>Extrathymic sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of CCR9 and CCR6 in IELs migration?

    <p>They recognize chemokines CCL25 and CCL20, respectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of antigen binding sites on IgA?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the J chain in IgA?

    <p>To facilitate secretion of IgA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the secretory component in IgA?

    <p>To facilitate transcellular transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of SIgA?

    <p>To facilitate immune exclusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mucosal T cells?

    <p>To regulate immune responses to commensal flora</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cytokine TGF-β in regulating immune responses?

    <p>To control mucosal homing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is oral tolerance?

    <p>A state of immune non-responsiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a requirement for inducing oral tolerance?

    <p>A symbiotic relationship with commensal flora</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of a breakdown of oral tolerance?

    <p>Immune responses to food and commensal bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of inducing oral tolerance through Tregs?

    <p>Through the activity of TGF-β and retinoic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary entry point for infectious microorganisms?

    <p>Mucosal surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of microorganisms are typically present at most mucosal epithelia?

    <p>Resident micro flora</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between the systemic and mucosal environments?

    <p>Systemic is sterile, mucosal is non-sterile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key reasons why mucosal immunity is important?

    <p>To prevent hypersensitivity to commensal organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of immunity is important for protecting against pathogens and developing vaccines?

    <p>Mucosal immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the sites where the immune response is induced and has its impact?

    <p>Inductive and effector sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

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