Malnutrition Types Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which condition is caused by a deficiency of protein in a diet that is adequate in calories?

  • Anorexia nervosa
  • Marasmus
  • Thiamine deficiency
  • Kwashiorkor (correct)

    • What are the symptoms of Marasmus?

  • Emaciation, weakness, and anemia
  • Edema, diarrhea, and atrophy of the pancreas
  • Lack of cellular development and hypoalbuminemia
  • Muscle wasting, weakness, and anemia (correct)

    • Which vitamins are classified as fat-soluble?

  • $A$, $D$, $E$, and $K$ (correct)
  • $B$ complex and $C$
  • $A$, $B1$, $C$, and $D$
  • $B1$ and $C$

    • What is the coenzyme form of Thiamine (B1)?

    <p>Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is essential for proper bone growth?

    <p>Vitamin K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin functions primarily in calcium homeostasis?

    <p>Vitamin D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the active form of Vitamin D?

    <p>$1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is required for the post-translational modification of coagulation factors?

    <p>Vitamin K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the early symptom of Vitamin A deficiency?

    <p>$Night blindness$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of Vitamin D is derived from animals?

    <p>Cholecalciferol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of calcitriol?

    <p>Enhances the absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the small intestines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Vitamin E protect membrane phospholipids from?

    <p>Attack by reactive oxygen species (ROS).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does retinoic acid affect?

    <p>Gene expression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the pharmacological uses for retinoic acids?

    <p>Treatment of acne and psoriasis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Vitamin K deficiency lead to in newborns?

    <p>Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is a constituent of cofactors FAD and FMN, functioning as electron carriers for oxidoreductases?

    <p>Riboflavin (B2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin deficiency can lead to Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, marked by eye muscle weakness, poor muscular coordination, and memory loss, commonly observed in chronic alcoholism?

    <p>Thiamine (B1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is a cofactor in the conversion of homocysteine to methionine and requires intrinsic factor for absorption in the stomach?

    <p>Vitamin B12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is essential for the synthesis of nucleotides and methionine, and a deficiency can lead to megaloblastic anemia, neural tube defects, and homocysteinemia?

    <p>Folate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is important for growth, reproduction, immunity, and cell differentiation, has three active forms, and helps maintain healthy bones, skin, and mucous membranes?

    <p>Vitamin A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is a cofactor in the hydroxylation of proline and lysine required for the production of mature collagen?

    <p>Vitamin C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is associated with lipids, requires normal lipid absorption mechanisms, and is stored in the liver and adipose tissue?

    <p>Vitamin K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin deficiency leads to pellagra characterized by dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea?

    <p>Niacin (B3)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is a cofactor in the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase which converts glutamic acid to GABA?

    <p>Pyridoxine (B6)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin plays a crucial role in various bodily functions such as neurological disorders, cardiomyopathy, muscle weakness, and weight loss if deficient?

    <p>Thiamine (B1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is a constituent of cofactors NAD+ and NADP+, required for electron transfer in oxidoreductases?

    <p>Niacin (B3)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is a cofactor for pyruvate dehydrogenase and a TCA cycle enzyme?

    <p>Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is a constituent of cofactors FAD and FMN, which function as electron carriers for oxidoreductases?

    <p>Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is a constituent of cofactors NAD+ and NADP+, required for electron transfer in oxidoreductases, and some can be synthesized endogenously?

    <p>Vitamin B3 (Niacin)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is a cofactor in the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase, which converts glutamic acid to GABA?

    <p>Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is a cofactor in the hydroxylation of proline and lysine, required for the production of mature collagen?

    <p>Vitamin C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor for absorption in the stomach, and deficiency can lead to pernicious anemia and neurological symptoms?

    <p>Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is essential for the synthesis of nucleotides and methionine, and a deficiency can lead to megaloblastic anemia, neural tube defects, and homocysteinemia?

    <p>Vitamin B9 (Folate)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin plays a crucial role in various bodily functions such as neurological disorders, cardiomyopathy, muscle weakness, and weight loss if deficient?

    <p>Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is important for growth, reproduction, immunity, and cell differentiation, has three active forms, and helps maintain healthy bones, skin, and mucous membranes?

    <p>Vitamin A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin protects membrane phospholipids from oxidative damage?

    <p>Vitamin E</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin deficiency leads to scurvy characterized by weakness, anemia, and impaired wound healing?

    <p>Vitamin C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • TPP is a cofactor for pyruvate dehydrogenase and a TCA cycle enzyme

    • Thiamine deficiency results in beriberi, a disease characterized by neurological disorders, cardiomyopathy, muscle weakness, and weight loss

    • Severe thiamine deficiency leads to Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, marked by eye muscle weakness, poor muscular coordination, and memory loss, commonly observed in chronic alcoholism and can lead to coma and death if left untreated

    • Riboflavin (B2) is a constituent of cofactors FAD and FMN, which function as electron carriers for oxidoreductases

    • Niacin (B3) is a constituent of cofactors NAD+ and NADP+, required for electron transfer in oxidoreductases, and some can be synthesized endogenously

    • Niacin deficiency leads to pellagra, a disease characterized by dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea

    • Pyridoxine (B6) is a cofactor in the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase, which converts glutamic acid to GABA. Its deficiency can result from isoniazid treatment, which attaches to pyridoxine and inactivates pyridoxal phosphate, and from folic acid treatment, which inhibits pyridoxine phosphokinase

    • Folate is a cofactor in the synthesis of nucleotides and methionine, and a folate deficiency can lead to megaloblastic anemia, neural tube defects, and homocysteinemia

    • Folate analogs, such as methotrexate, function as competitive inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, leading to impaired nucleotide synthesis and DNA synthesis in rapidly dividing cells

    • Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) is a cofactor in the conversion of homocysteine to methionine, requires intrinsic factor for absorption in the stomach, and deficiency can lead to pernicious anemia and neurological symptoms

    • Vitamin C is a cofactor in the hydroxylation of proline and lysine, required for the production of mature collagen, and an antioxidant, and deficiency can lead to scurvy, characterized by weakness, anemia, and impaired wound healing

    • Fat-soluble vitamins are associated with lipids and require normal lipid absorption mechanisms, and are stored in the liver and adipose tissue

    • Vitamin A is important for growth, reproduction, immunity, and cell differentiation, has three active forms, and helps maintain healthy bones, skin, and mucous membranes

    • Thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, folate, and vitamin B12 are essential vitamins that play crucial roles in various bodily functions, and deficiencies can lead to a range of diseases and symptoms.

    • TPP is a cofactor for pyruvate dehydrogenase and a TCA cycle enzyme

    • Thiamine deficiency results in beriberi, a disease characterized by neurological disorders, cardiomyopathy, muscle weakness, and weight loss

    • Severe thiamine deficiency leads to Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, marked by eye muscle weakness, poor muscular coordination, and memory loss, commonly observed in chronic alcoholism and can lead to coma and death if left untreated

    • Riboflavin (B2) is a constituent of cofactors FAD and FMN, which function as electron carriers for oxidoreductases

    • Niacin (B3) is a constituent of cofactors NAD+ and NADP+, required for electron transfer in oxidoreductases, and some can be synthesized endogenously

    • Niacin deficiency leads to pellagra, a disease characterized by dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea

    • Pyridoxine (B6) is a cofactor in the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase, which converts glutamic acid to GABA. Its deficiency can result from isoniazid treatment, which attaches to pyridoxine and inactivates pyridoxal phosphate, and from folic acid treatment, which inhibits pyridoxine phosphokinase

    • Folate is a cofactor in the synthesis of nucleotides and methionine, and a folate deficiency can lead to megaloblastic anemia, neural tube defects, and homocysteinemia

    • Folate analogs, such as methotrexate, function as competitive inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, leading to impaired nucleotide synthesis and DNA synthesis in rapidly dividing cells

    • Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) is a cofactor in the conversion of homocysteine to methionine, requires intrinsic factor for absorption in the stomach, and deficiency can lead to pernicious anemia and neurological symptoms

    • Vitamin C is a cofactor in the hydroxylation of proline and lysine, required for the production of mature collagen, and an antioxidant, and deficiency can lead to scurvy, characterized by weakness, anemia, and impaired wound healing

    • Fat-soluble vitamins are associated with lipids and require normal lipid absorption mechanisms, and are stored in the liver and adipose tissue

    • Vitamin A is important for growth, reproduction, immunity, and cell differentiation, has three active forms, and helps maintain healthy bones, skin, and mucous membranes

    • Thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, folate, and vitamin B12 are essential vitamins that play crucial roles in various bodily functions, and deficiencies can lead to a range of diseases and symptoms.

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    MMD Lecture 13 Nutrition Fall 2023.pptx

    Description

    Test your knowledge on malnutrition by identifying the characteristics of Kwashiorkor and Marasmus. Learn about the causes, symptoms, and differences between these two types of malnutrition.

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