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Questions and Answers
Which condition is caused by a deficiency of protein in a diet that is adequate in calories?
What are the symptoms of Marasmus?
Which vitamins are classified as fat-soluble?
What is the coenzyme form of Thiamine (B1)?
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Which vitamin is essential for proper bone growth?
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Which vitamin functions primarily in calcium homeostasis?
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What is the active form of Vitamin D?
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Which vitamin is required for the post-translational modification of coagulation factors?
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What is the early symptom of Vitamin A deficiency?
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Which form of Vitamin D is derived from animals?
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What is the function of calcitriol?
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What does Vitamin E protect membrane phospholipids from?
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What does retinoic acid affect?
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What are the pharmacological uses for retinoic acids?
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What does Vitamin K deficiency lead to in newborns?
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Which vitamin is a constituent of cofactors FAD and FMN, functioning as electron carriers for oxidoreductases?
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Which vitamin deficiency can lead to Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, marked by eye muscle weakness, poor muscular coordination, and memory loss, commonly observed in chronic alcoholism?
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Which vitamin is a cofactor in the conversion of homocysteine to methionine and requires intrinsic factor for absorption in the stomach?
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Which vitamin is essential for the synthesis of nucleotides and methionine, and a deficiency can lead to megaloblastic anemia, neural tube defects, and homocysteinemia?
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Which vitamin is important for growth, reproduction, immunity, and cell differentiation, has three active forms, and helps maintain healthy bones, skin, and mucous membranes?
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Which vitamin is a cofactor in the hydroxylation of proline and lysine required for the production of mature collagen?
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Which vitamin is associated with lipids, requires normal lipid absorption mechanisms, and is stored in the liver and adipose tissue?
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Which vitamin deficiency leads to pellagra characterized by dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea?
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Which vitamin is a cofactor in the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase which converts glutamic acid to GABA?
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Which vitamin plays a crucial role in various bodily functions such as neurological disorders, cardiomyopathy, muscle weakness, and weight loss if deficient?
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Which vitamin is a constituent of cofactors NAD+ and NADP+, required for electron transfer in oxidoreductases?
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Which vitamin is a cofactor for pyruvate dehydrogenase and a TCA cycle enzyme?
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Which vitamin is a constituent of cofactors FAD and FMN, which function as electron carriers for oxidoreductases?
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Which vitamin is a constituent of cofactors NAD+ and NADP+, required for electron transfer in oxidoreductases, and some can be synthesized endogenously?
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Which vitamin is a cofactor in the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase, which converts glutamic acid to GABA?
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Which vitamin is a cofactor in the hydroxylation of proline and lysine, required for the production of mature collagen?
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Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor for absorption in the stomach, and deficiency can lead to pernicious anemia and neurological symptoms?
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Which vitamin is essential for the synthesis of nucleotides and methionine, and a deficiency can lead to megaloblastic anemia, neural tube defects, and homocysteinemia?
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Which vitamin plays a crucial role in various bodily functions such as neurological disorders, cardiomyopathy, muscle weakness, and weight loss if deficient?
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Which vitamin is important for growth, reproduction, immunity, and cell differentiation, has three active forms, and helps maintain healthy bones, skin, and mucous membranes?
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Which vitamin protects membrane phospholipids from oxidative damage?
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Which vitamin deficiency leads to scurvy characterized by weakness, anemia, and impaired wound healing?
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Study Notes
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TPP is a cofactor for pyruvate dehydrogenase and a TCA cycle enzyme
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Thiamine deficiency results in beriberi, a disease characterized by neurological disorders, cardiomyopathy, muscle weakness, and weight loss
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Severe thiamine deficiency leads to Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, marked by eye muscle weakness, poor muscular coordination, and memory loss, commonly observed in chronic alcoholism and can lead to coma and death if left untreated
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Riboflavin (B2) is a constituent of cofactors FAD and FMN, which function as electron carriers for oxidoreductases
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Niacin (B3) is a constituent of cofactors NAD+ and NADP+, required for electron transfer in oxidoreductases, and some can be synthesized endogenously
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Niacin deficiency leads to pellagra, a disease characterized by dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea
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Pyridoxine (B6) is a cofactor in the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase, which converts glutamic acid to GABA. Its deficiency can result from isoniazid treatment, which attaches to pyridoxine and inactivates pyridoxal phosphate, and from folic acid treatment, which inhibits pyridoxine phosphokinase
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Folate is a cofactor in the synthesis of nucleotides and methionine, and a folate deficiency can lead to megaloblastic anemia, neural tube defects, and homocysteinemia
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Folate analogs, such as methotrexate, function as competitive inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, leading to impaired nucleotide synthesis and DNA synthesis in rapidly dividing cells
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Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) is a cofactor in the conversion of homocysteine to methionine, requires intrinsic factor for absorption in the stomach, and deficiency can lead to pernicious anemia and neurological symptoms
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Vitamin C is a cofactor in the hydroxylation of proline and lysine, required for the production of mature collagen, and an antioxidant, and deficiency can lead to scurvy, characterized by weakness, anemia, and impaired wound healing
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Fat-soluble vitamins are associated with lipids and require normal lipid absorption mechanisms, and are stored in the liver and adipose tissue
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Vitamin A is important for growth, reproduction, immunity, and cell differentiation, has three active forms, and helps maintain healthy bones, skin, and mucous membranes
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Thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, folate, and vitamin B12 are essential vitamins that play crucial roles in various bodily functions, and deficiencies can lead to a range of diseases and symptoms.
-
TPP is a cofactor for pyruvate dehydrogenase and a TCA cycle enzyme
-
Thiamine deficiency results in beriberi, a disease characterized by neurological disorders, cardiomyopathy, muscle weakness, and weight loss
-
Severe thiamine deficiency leads to Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, marked by eye muscle weakness, poor muscular coordination, and memory loss, commonly observed in chronic alcoholism and can lead to coma and death if left untreated
-
Riboflavin (B2) is a constituent of cofactors FAD and FMN, which function as electron carriers for oxidoreductases
-
Niacin (B3) is a constituent of cofactors NAD+ and NADP+, required for electron transfer in oxidoreductases, and some can be synthesized endogenously
-
Niacin deficiency leads to pellagra, a disease characterized by dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea
-
Pyridoxine (B6) is a cofactor in the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase, which converts glutamic acid to GABA. Its deficiency can result from isoniazid treatment, which attaches to pyridoxine and inactivates pyridoxal phosphate, and from folic acid treatment, which inhibits pyridoxine phosphokinase
-
Folate is a cofactor in the synthesis of nucleotides and methionine, and a folate deficiency can lead to megaloblastic anemia, neural tube defects, and homocysteinemia
-
Folate analogs, such as methotrexate, function as competitive inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, leading to impaired nucleotide synthesis and DNA synthesis in rapidly dividing cells
-
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) is a cofactor in the conversion of homocysteine to methionine, requires intrinsic factor for absorption in the stomach, and deficiency can lead to pernicious anemia and neurological symptoms
-
Vitamin C is a cofactor in the hydroxylation of proline and lysine, required for the production of mature collagen, and an antioxidant, and deficiency can lead to scurvy, characterized by weakness, anemia, and impaired wound healing
-
Fat-soluble vitamins are associated with lipids and require normal lipid absorption mechanisms, and are stored in the liver and adipose tissue
-
Vitamin A is important for growth, reproduction, immunity, and cell differentiation, has three active forms, and helps maintain healthy bones, skin, and mucous membranes
-
Thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, folate, and vitamin B12 are essential vitamins that play crucial roles in various bodily functions, and deficiencies can lead to a range of diseases and symptoms.
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Description
Test your knowledge on malnutrition by identifying the characteristics of Kwashiorkor and Marasmus. Learn about the causes, symptoms, and differences between these two types of malnutrition.
