Basic Nutrition

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Questions and Answers

What is a primary cause of malnutrition due to famine?

Lack of education

Eating disorders

Shortage of food (correct)

Removal of nutrients by the foetus

Which of the following is a consequence of child/teenage pregnancy on nutritional health?

Improved socio-economic status

Removal of nutrients by the foetus (correct)

Increased access to variety of food

Lack of education

What is a common nutritional disorder associated with obesity?

Malabsorption

Type 1 diabetes

Anemia

Micronutrient deficiencies (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a cause of malnutrition?

Old age Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of war on nutritional health?

Shortage of food Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is associated with type 2 diabetes?

Micronutrient deficiencies Signup and view all the answers

What is a result of a lack of food variety in the diet?

Malnutrition Signup and view all the answers

What is a common underlying factor contributing to malnutrition?

Poverty Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of Kwashiorkor?

Inadequate protein intake, but sufficient calories Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following foods is an example of a complete protein?

Meat Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between Marasmus and Kwashiorkor?

Marasmus is caused by caloric deficiency, while Kwashiorkor is caused by protein deficiency Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) in the body?

To convert phenylalanine into tyrosine Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of essential amino acids that the human body cannot produce on its own?

8 Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a diet that lacks essential amino acids, leading to malnutrition?

Protein-deficiency malnutrition Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes undernutrition?

Inadequate intake of calories, proteins, or micronutrients. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common result of overnutrition?

Obesity or being overweight. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about malnutrition is accurate?

It can occur from both undernutrition and overnutrition. Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrients are considered iron absorption enhancers?

Vitamin C-rich fruits and certain vegetables. Signup and view all the answers

What can be a consequence of chronic malnutrition in under-5 year-olds?

Height-for-age stunting. Signup and view all the answers

Malnutrition affects populations worldwide. What was the rate of malnutrition deaths in Central Africa?

121.11 per 100,000 people. Signup and view all the answers

Which dietary sources contain incomplete proteins and need to be combined for a complete set of amino acids?

Legumes like lentils and certain grains. Signup and view all the answers

In terms of malnutrition, which demographic group showed signs of anemia?

Women of reproductive age. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Malnutrition Map

According to WHO, malnutrition is a significant global issue
The World Life Expectancy website provides a map of malnutrition by country

Causes of Malnutrition

Famine: shortage of food and variety leading to starvation and lack of nutrients
Poverty: socio-economic status affecting access to nutritious food, leading to malnutrition
War: disrupts food supply and transport links, leading to malnutrition
Child/teenage pregnancy: removal of nutrients by the fetus can lead to malnutrition
Lack of variety in diet: weight loss diets, eating disorders, and psychological issues can lead to malnutrition

Nutritional Deficiencies and Obesity

Micronutrient deficiencies can promote obesity and Type 2 diabetes
Iron deficiency can be caused by iron chelators like calcium, and can be enhanced by Vitamin C-rich foods
Incomplete proteins can be found in non-animal sources and need to be combined to get a complete set of amino acids

Malnutrition Definition and Types

Malnutrition: getting too little or too much of certain nutrients
Undernutrition: not getting enough protein, calories, or micronutrients, leading to low weight-for-height, height-for-age, and weight-for-age
Overnutrition: overconsumption of certain nutrients, leading to overweight or obesity

Prevalence of Malnutrition

Malnutrition is a leading cause of death, with varying rates across the world (e.g., 0.56/100,000 in the U.S.A, 0.1/100,000 in the UK, and 121.11/100,000 in Central Africa)
In 20 African countries, under-5 years old showed stunting, women of reproductive age showed anemia, and adults showed obesity/overweight

Effects of Nutritional Deficiencies: Protein

Kwashiorkor: enough calories but lacking in protein (essential amino acids), leading to oedema and liver damage
Marasmus: too little protein and too few calories, leading to muscle wasting and undernutrition
Complete proteins contain all essential amino acids and can be found in meat, fish, eggs, and milk
Incomplete proteins contain only some essential amino acids and can be found in leafy vegetables, beans, and grains

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Description

This quiz covers the causes of malnutrition, including famine, poverty, and socioeconomic factors that lead to inadequate nutrition. Test your understanding of the root causes of malnutrition.