Malignant Hyperthermia Pathophysiology

The ion responsible for initiating skeletal muscle contraction.

The primary ion involved in muscle contraction, stored within the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

The energy source for muscle contraction, providing the power for muscle fibers to move.

This structure within muscle cells stores calcium ions, releasing them when stimulated.

The chemical messenger released at the neuromuscular junction, triggering muscle contraction.

The process of increasing the positive charge inside a cell, like when ACh binds to muscle receptors.

Large ion channels responsible for releasing calcium from the SR, leading to muscle contraction.

The point where a nerve communicates with a muscle fiber, releasing neurotransmitters like ACh.

A protein that binds to calcium ions, initiating muscle contraction by allowing the interaction of actin and myosin.

A genetic disorder causing an excessive release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) due to a mutated ryanodine receptor (RyR1).

The process by which the actin and myosin filaments slide past each other, causing muscle shortening.

A state of excessive metabolism, often associated with increased heat production due to rapid muscle activity.

The breakdown of glucose to produce energy in the absence of oxygen.

A condition characterized by low oxygen levels in the blood.

A buildup of lactic acid in the body, often associated with strenuous exercise or oxygen deprivation.

A life-threatening condition characterized by a rapid increase in body temperature, muscle rigidity, and metabolic changes, caused by a genetic predisposition and triggered by certain anesthetic agents.

The primary trigger for MH, a muscle relaxant commonly used in surgery.

The primary protein responsible for the Ca++ release from the SR in MH, becoming hyperactive and releasing excessive calcium.

The primary symptom of MH, an abnormally high body temperature due to increased metabolic activity.

The characteristic muscle stiffness and rigidity associated with MH, caused by sustained muscle contraction.

The initial acid-base abnormality in MH, caused by increased CO2 production due to rapid metabolism.

The subsequent acid-base disturbance in MH, characterized by a decrease in blood pH due to excess lactate production.

The treatment for MH, involving halting the anesthetic agents, administering 100% oxygen, and using a specific medication to control the hyperactive RyR1.

The process by which muscle fibers contract, involving the sliding of actin and myosin filaments past each other, powered by ATP.

A drug used to treat malignant hyperthermia by blocking the release of calcium from the SR, ultimately reducing muscle contraction and heat production.

The gateway in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) that allows calcium ions (Ca++) to flood into the muscle cell, triggering muscle contraction.

A strong muscle contraction that occurs when the masseter muscle, responsible for chewing, is affected by a condition like Malignant Hyperthermia (MH).

A drug used to relax muscles during surgery. It acts by stimulating then blocking the receptors involved in muscle contraction.

The sustained activation of muscle receptors caused by succinylcholine. It leads to strong muscle contractions (fasciculations)

A sign of MH. It occurs later in the progression of the condition and signifies a more severe stage.

The rapid heartbeat that occurs during MH. It's a response to the body trying to compensate for reduced oxygen levels and increased stress hormones.

An increase in carbon dioxide levels in the blood, a consequence of the increased metabolic rate and oxygen consumption during MH.

The increase in oxygen consumption caused by the body's response to the increased stress hormones and metabolic changes during MH. It contributes to the reduced oxygen availability and the development of tachycardia.

The breakdown of skeletal muscle tissue, leading to the release of myoglobin and potassium into the bloodstream.

The state of increased metabolism that occurs during MH, causing a rapid rise in body temperature and other complications.

A rapid increase in heart rate, often a symptom of a sympathetic nervous system response to stress or pain. The tachycardia in MH is related to the hypermetabolic state.