Male Reproductive System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What occurs during the secretory phase of the uterine cycle?

  • Estrogen levels are at their highest point.
  • The endometrium is shed completely.
  • The vaginal lining thickens in preparation for implantation.
  • Glycoproteins are secreted to support a developing embryo. (correct)

    • Which layer of the vagina is responsible for its elasticity?

  • Mucosa
  • Adventitia
  • Muscularis (correct)
  • Endometrium

    • How does the acidic environment of the vagina help with bacterial balance?

  • It maintains a healthy balance of beneficial bacteria. (correct)
  • It promotes the growth of all bacteria.
  • It creates a favorable environment for harmful bacteria.
  • It affects the secretion of glycogen from the mucosa.

    • What happens to the stratum functionalis if pregnancy does not occur?

    <p>It dies and triggers the menstrual phase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is primarily responsible for milk production during pregnancy?

    <p>Glandular alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the mucosa layer of the vagina?

    <p>To secrete mucus and maintain healthy bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the scrotum in the male reproductive system?

    <p>To regulate testicle temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone signals the testes to start sperm production?

    <p>Follicle stimulating hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During spermatogenesis, what is the consequence of the first division of spermatogonia?

    <p>Two daughter cells are created, one replaces itself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the process of meiosis in sperm development?

    <p>Reduction division creates genetically distinct spermatids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key structural feature of the sperm after the stage of spermiogenesis?

    <p>The sperm obtains a long flagella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many sperm are approximately produced daily by the seminiferous tubules at puberty?

    <p>400 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about spermatids is correct?

    <p>They mature into sperm cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the epididymis in the male reproductive system?

    <p>To store sperm and allow maturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the temperature regulation by the scrotum?

    <p>It ensures optimal conditions for sperm production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the acrosome located at the tip of the sperm's head?

    <p>To house digestive enzymes for penetrating the egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for the maturation of sperm and the ability to swim?

    <p>Epididymis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long can the uncoiled epididymis be?

    <p>About 6 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the seminal vesicles in male reproduction?

    <p>To secrete a fluid rich in fructose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do urethral glands secrete within the male reproductive system?

    <p>Lubricating solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure directly transports sperm from the epididymis to the prostatic urethra?

    <p>Ductus deferens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which accessory gland secretes a milky white fluid that enhances sperm mobility?

    <p>Prostate gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main composition of semen?

    <p>Sperm and a mixture of fluids from accessory glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component assists in neutralizing urine's acidity in the male urethra?

    <p>Bulbourethral glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is involved in the contraction that sends mature sperm during ejaculation?

    <p>Smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the corona radiata surrounding the ovum?

    <p>Providing nourishment to the ovum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the ovarian cycle does the corpus luteum form?

    <p>Luteal phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the completion of meiosis II in an oocyte?

    <p>Fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the uterine tubes during fertilization?

    <p>Providing a site for fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the uterine wall undergoes the most significant changes during the uterine cycle?

    <p>Endometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication can arise from the implantation of a fertilized egg in a uterine tube?

    <p>Ectopic pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the cervix function during childbirth?

    <p>Expands to allow the fetus to pass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What layer of the uterus is primarily impacted by HPV infection?

    <p>Cervical stroma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily responsible for moving the oocyte through the uterine tubes?

    <p>Ciliated epithelium and peristaltic waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs to the corpus luteum if fertilization does not happen?

    <p>It transforms into the corpus albicans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily causes the penis to become erect during arousal?

    <p>Vasodilation stimulated by the parasympathetic branch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormones are released by the ovaries that affect the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Estrogen and progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?

    <p>One follicle matures to release an oocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the medulla of the ovaries?

    <p>It consists of vascular tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does luteinizing hormone (LH) play mid-cycle during ovulation?

    <p>It triggers the rupture of the follicle to release the oocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure surrounding the developing ova in the ovaries?

    <p>Cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the sympathetic branch affect the penis?

    <p>It stimulates ejaculation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage sees the transformation of the primordial follicle into a vesicular follicle?

    <p>Follicular phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the veins that normally drain the penis during arousal?

    <p>They are pressured shut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Male Reproductive System

    • The male reproductive system becomes active after puberty.
    • Reproductive organs mature during puberty, creating a fertile individual capable of reproduction.
    • Primary sex organs produce sex cells (sperm) and sex hormones.
    • Accessory sex organs support the sex cells and assist in fertilization.
    • The scrotum is a sac outside the abdominal cavity, consisting of smooth and skeletal muscle and skin.
    • It's divided into compartments (left and right) by a septum for the testicles.
    • The scrotum helps keep the testicles 3 degrees cooler than the body's core temperature.
    • Scrotal muscles contract to bring the testicles closer to the body in cooler conditions.
    • In warmer conditions, these muscles relax, allowing the skin to stretch and maximize cooling.
    • The testes are oval-shaped organs with seminiferous tubules where sperm is produced.
    • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) signals sperm production.
    • Mature sperm move to the epididymis for final maturation stages.
    • Seminiferous tubules have stratified epithelium surrounding a lumen.
    • Spermatogenic cells in the epithelium mature into sperm.
    • At puberty, seminiferous tubules produce around 400 million sperm.
    • Spermatogenic cells (stem cells, primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, spermatids, and sperm) are involved in sperm production.
    • Spermatogonium (stem cell), primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte, spermatid, and sperm cell.
    • Spermatogenesis has stages: formation of spermatocytes, meiosis, and spermiogenesis.
    • Spermatids mature into sperm cells, developing a flagella, midpiece with mitochondria; a head with DNA (nucleus), and acrosome with digestive enzymes.
    • Accessory cells in the testes assist cells to mature and exit the scrotum, producing androgens (like testosterone) and muscular contractions for sperm expulsion.
    • Sperm travels down the efferent tubules to the epididymis.

    Reproductive Duct System

    • Epididymis is an organ that arches over the posterior lateral side of the testis; uncoiled, it can be up to six meters long.
    • Sperm spends twenty days in the epididymis for maturation and developing motility for fertilization.
    • Smooth muscle contraction during ejaculation sends mature sperm to the ductus deferens.
    • Ductus deferens (vas deferens) carries sperm from the epididymis.
    • It extends to the abdominopelvic cavity, helping to form the ejaculatory duct, and enters the prostatic urethra.
    • Spermatic cords are tubes of fascia holding blood vessels, nerves, and the ductus deferens.
    • Urethra carries both sperm and urine, and secretes a lubricating solution before ejaculation.

    Accessory Glands

    • Accessory glands produce substances that improve sperm survival outside the body, forming semen.
    • Seminal vesicles secrete fluid containing fructose (sugar), nutrients, prostaglandins to stimulate contractions, enzymes enhancing sperm mobility, and enzymes to thicken the ejaculate.
    • Prostate gland secretes milky white fluid with elements to enhance sperm mobility and thicken ejaculate.
    • Bulbourethral glands secrete mucus-like substances to lubricate and neutralize the acid in the male urethra.

    Penis

    • Designed to deliver semen to the female reproductive tract.
    • Contains erectile bodies: corpora spongiosum and corpora cavernosa.
    • Contains smooth muscle and connective tissue.
    • Erectile bodies have a spongy network with blood vessels dilating during arousal, engorging the tissues with blood.
    • The veins constrict during arousal.
    • Parasympathetic branch stimulates vasodilation of the penis for erection.
    • Sympathetic branch stimulates smooth muscle contractions for ejaculation.

    Female Reproductive System

    • Female reproductive organs produce ova (eggs) and sex hormones.
    • They provide the environment for internal fertilization and fetal development.
    • They undergo cyclical changes during the menstrual cycle.
    • Mammary glands are part of the system for nourishing the infant.

    The Ovaries

    • Paired, suspended by ligaments and mesenteries and surrounded by a fibrous capsule.
    • Divided into cortex and medulla.
    • Cortex houses developing ova.
    • Medulla contains vascular tissue.
    • Site of oogenesis (egg production) and hormone production (estrogen and progesterone).
    • Responds to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) signaling ovum maturation.
    • Typically, only one egg is released per month via alternating ovaries.

    Ovarian Cycle

    • Females are born with all potential ova.
    • Primordial follicles consist of a single immature oocyte and a single layer of follicular cells.
    • Follicular phase (days 1-14): a follicle matures, enabling oocyte release.
    • Other primordial follicles may become activated but die.
    • Primordial follicles develop into primary follicles and then into vesicular follicles.
    • Oocyte is surrounded by follicle cells forming a fluid-filled cavity.
    • Ovulation (mid-cycle): LH release triggers follicle rupture, releasing the oocyte.
    • Oocyte is surrounded by corona radiata (nourishing cells).
    • Released oocyte enters the peritoneal cavity, swept into fallopian tubes by fimbriae.
    • Luteal phase (days 15-28): the follicle becomes corpus luteum, releasing progesterone.

    Oogenesis

    • Oogenesis takes years.
    • During fetal development, oocytes undergo meiosis I but don't complete it, becoming primary oocytes.
    • At ovulation, the primary oocyte completes meiosis I and initiates meiosis II.
    • Meiosis II is completed only if fertilization occurs, forming an ovum.

    Uterine Tubes

    • Also called fallopian tubes, these tubes take the oocyte and provide a site for fertilization.
    • Lined with ciliated epithelium guiding the oocyte towards the uterus.
    • Peristaltic waves assist movement.
    • Non-ciliated cells nourish the oocyte or embryo.
    • Possible ectopic pregnancy if fertilization happens outside the uterus.

    The Uterus

    • A thick muscular pouch, superior to the bladder.
    • Functions to receive the embryo, developing it.
    • Stretches during pregnancy.
    • The uterine cavity is small in the absence of pregnancy.
    • The cervix is the opening of the uterus, dilating during childbirth.
    • The uterine wall is composed of three layers: perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium.

    Uterine Cycle

    • Also called the menstrual cycle, relating to changes in the endometrium (inner lining) induced by female sex hormones.
    • Menstrual phase (days 1-5): the endometrium is shed.
    • Proliferative phase (days 6-14): the endometrium thickens, responding to estrogen and secreting mucus to assist sperm.
    • Secretory phase (days 15-28): the endometrium is fully vascularized, secreting glycoproteins for the embryo if fertilization occurs; progesterone controls this phase.

    The Vagina

    • Also called the birth canal.
    • Leads from the external to the cervix.
    • Located posterior to the urethra and anterior to the anus.
    • Site where sperm is deposited.
    • Composed of layers: adventitia, muscularis, and mucosa.
    • Contains rugae to stimulate intercourse and accommodate childbirth.
    • Its mucosa secretes glycogen to create a supporting environment for beneficial bacteria producing lactic acid to create acidic conditions. These conditions are not beneficial to sperm or other bacteria.

    External Genitalia

    • Also called the vulva, consisting of:
    • Mons pubis
    • Labia majora
    • Clitoris (analogous to penis)
    • Vestibule (vaginal and urethral orifices, and vestibule glands)
    • Labia minora (protect the vestibule)

    Mammary Glands

    • Modified sweat glands producing milk in pregnant females.
    • Rudimentary structures in both men and women.
    • During puberty, ducts grow, but the glands remain mainly adipose tissue.
    • During pregnancy, glandular alveoli form and produce milk shortly after childbirth.
    • The breast includes the nipple and areola.
    • Glands are made of lobes draining into the nipple through lactiferous ducts and lactiferous sinuses for milk storage.
    • Lymph vessels drain into parasternal and axillary lymph nodes.

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    Male Reproductive Anatomy PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of the male reproductive system and its components. This quiz covers puberty, reproductive organs, and the functions of sex cells and hormones. Assess your understanding of how the scrotum and testes contribute to male fertility.

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