Male Reproductive System

Male Reproductive System

• Produces and transports sperm for fertilization
• Consists of:
  • Testes: produce sperm
  • Epididymis: stores and transports sperm
  • Vas deferens: muscular tube that propels sperm during ejaculation
  • Urethra: transports sperm and urine
  • Penis: delivers sperm during ejaculation
• Hormones involved:
  • Testosterone: regulates sperm production and development
  • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): stimulates sperm production
  • Luteinizing hormone (LH): stimulates testosterone production

Female Reproductive System

• Produces ova (eggs) for fertilization
• Consists of:
  • Ovaries: produce ova
  • Fallopian tubes: transport ova to uterus
  • Uterus: supports fetal development during pregnancy
  • Cervix: lower part of uterus that opens into vagina
  • Vagina: receives sperm during intercourse
• Hormones involved:
  • Estrogen: regulates ovulation and prepares uterus for pregnancy
  • Progesterone: prepares uterus for implantation of fertilized egg

Fertilization

• Process by which sperm fertilizes an ovum (egg)
• Occurs in fallopian tube
• One sperm penetrates the outer layer of the ovum and fuses with its nucleus
• Resulting zygote contains genetic material from both parents

Gametogenesis

• Process by which gametes (sperm and ova) are formed
• Spermatogenesis: process by which immature cells in testes develop into mature sperm
• Oogenesis: process by which immature cells in ovaries develop into mature ova

Menstrual Cycle

• Monthly cycle of hormonal and physical changes in females
• Phases:
  1. Menstruation (days 1-5): uterus sheds lining, bleeding occurs
  2. Follicular phase (days 1-14): estrogen levels rise, follicles in ovaries mature
  3. Ovulation (day 14): ovum is released from ovary into fallopian tube
  4. Luteal phase (days 15-28): progesterone levels rise, uterus prepares for implantation
• Controlled by hormones estrogen and progesterone

Implantation

• Process by which fertilized egg (zygote) attaches to uterine lining
• Occurs 6-10 days after fertilization
• Zygote implants into uterine lining, establishing a connection with mother's blood supply
• Signals the beginning of pregnancy

Male Reproductive System

• The male reproductive system produces and transports sperm for fertilization
• Consists of testes that produce sperm, epididymis that stores and transports sperm, vas deferens that propels sperm during ejaculation, urethra that transports sperm and urine, and penis that delivers sperm during ejaculation
• Testosterone regulates sperm production and development, while follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates sperm production and luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates testosterone production

Female Reproductive System

• The female reproductive system produces ova (eggs) for fertilization
• Consists of ovaries that produce ova, fallopian tubes that transport ova to uterus, uterus that supports fetal development during pregnancy, cervix that is the lower part of uterus that opens into vagina, and vagina that receives sperm during intercourse
• Estrogen regulates ovulation and prepares uterus for pregnancy, while progesterone prepares uterus for implantation of fertilized egg

Fertilization

• Fertilization is the process by which sperm fertilizes an ovum (egg) and occurs in the fallopian tube
• One sperm penetrates the outer layer of the ovum and fuses with its nucleus, resulting in a zygote containing genetic material from both parents

Gametogenesis

• Gametogenesis is the process by which gametes (sperm and ova) are formed
• Spermatogenesis is the process by which immature cells in testes develop into mature sperm
• Oogenesis is the process by which immature cells in ovaries develop into mature ova

Menstrual Cycle

• The menstrual cycle is a monthly cycle of hormonal and physical changes in females
• The cycle consists of menstruation (days 1-5), follicular phase (days 1-14), ovulation (day 14), and luteal phase (days 15-28)
• Estrogen and progesterone control the menstrual cycle, with estrogen levels rising during the follicular phase and progesterone levels rising during the luteal phase

Implantation

• Implantation is the process by which the fertilized egg (zygote) attaches to the uterine lining
• Implantation occurs 6-10 days after fertilization, establishing a connection with the mother's blood supply and signaling the beginning of pregnancy

Learn about the different parts of the male reproductive system, including the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, urethra, and penis. Understand the roles of hormones like testosterone, FSH, and LH in sperm production and development.