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Questions and Answers

What does sperm carry and transport?

Genetic material (DNA)

What does the testes produce?

Sperm and testosterone

What is the role of the prostate gland and seminal vesicles?

They produce fluid that nourishes sperm and helps it travel.

What is the role of the vas deferens?

<p>It transports sperm from the testes to the urethra.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in the epididymis?

<p>Sperm mature before being transported.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The urethra carries both semen and urine at the same time.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do male hormones like testosterone regulate and ensure?

<p>They regulate sperm production (spermatogenesis) and ensure the proper functioning of the male reproductive system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The growth of deposited sperm cells in the female reproductive system is controlled by male hormones.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are hormones transported to target organs?

<p>Through the bloodstream.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the ovary produce?

<p>Ova (eggs) and secretes hormones like estrogen and progesterone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Estrogen and progesterone regulate blood sugar.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many immature eggs are females born with?

<p>Millions of immature eggs</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the usual site of fertilization?

<p>The fallopian tube.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influences the uterus?

<p>Estrogen and progesterone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the uterus lining when the egg is released?

<p>It stays thick, and the uterus lining breaks down.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the female body preparing for pregnancy?

<p>The menstrual cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are phases of the menstrual cycle?

<p>Menstrual (A), Ovulation (B), Luteal (C), Follicular (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Menstruation happens only when sperm fertilizes the egg.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the functional layer of the endometrium during menstruation?

<p>It is shed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does LH surge?

<p>Right before ovulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A woman is fertile only during ovulation.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the corpus luteum produce after ovulation?

<p>Progesterone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Progesterone levels are at their lowest after ovulation.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the released egg travel?

<p>Down the fallopian tube.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment?

<p>Homeostasis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sweating is a response to maintain homeostasis when the body temperature goes down.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of positive feedback in the body?

<p>Lactation (A), Childbirth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Menstruation is an example of positive feedback.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ovulation is an example of negative feedback.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main components of DNA and RNA?

<p>Nitrogenous bases, sugar, and a phosphate group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

DNA is single-stranded.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of sugar does DNA contain?

<p>Deoxyribose sugar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nitrogenous bases are found in DNA?

<p>Adenine (B), Guanine (C), Thymine (D), Cytosine (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of DNA?

<p>DNA stores and transmits genetic information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Sperm

Cells that carry genetic material (DNA) to fertilize eggs.

Testis

The male organ that produces sperm and testosterone.

Prostate Gland

Gland that produces fluid to nourish sperm and aid its travel.

Seminal Vesicles

Glands that produce seminal fluid for sperm nourishment.

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Vas Deferens

Tube that transports sperm from the testes to the urethra.

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Epididymis

The structure where sperm mature before transport.

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Urethra

Tube that carries both urine and semen but not at the same time.

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Testosterone

Male hormone regulating sperm production and reproduction functions.

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Homeostasis

The body's process to maintain a stable internal environment.

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Positive Feedback

Process where an action triggers a response that enhances it.

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Negative Feedback

Process that counteracts a change to bring the body back to normal.

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Menstrual Cycle

Monthly cycle preparing the female body for potential pregnancy.

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Follicular Phase

The first phase of the menstrual cycle where the egg matures.

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Ovulation

The release of an egg from the ovary, typically on day 14.

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Luteal Phase

The phase after ovulation where progesterone maintains the uterine lining.

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Estrogen

Hormone produced by ovaries, regulating the menstrual cycle and secondary sex traits.

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Progesterone

Hormone that prepares the uterus for implantation and maintains pregnancy.

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Ovary

Female organ that produces ova and secretes hormones.

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Fallopian Tube

The site where fertilization usually occurs.

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Uterus

Organ where a fetus develops; influenced by estrogen and progesterone.

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DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid that stores genetic information.

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Nitrogenous Bases in DNA

The building blocks of DNA: Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine.

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RNA

Ribonucleic acid involved in protein synthesis and gene expression.

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LH (Luteinizing Hormone)

Hormone that triggers ovulation and regulates the menstrual cycle.

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Corpus Luteum

Structure formed after ovulation that produces progesterone.

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Menstruation

Monthly shedding of the uterine lining when pregnancy does not occur.

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Study Notes

Male and Female Reproductive Systems

  • Sperm carries genetic material (DNA) from male to fertilize the egg.
  • Testes produce sperm and testosterone.
  • Prostate gland and seminal vesicles produce fluid to nourish sperm.
  • Vas deferens transports sperm to the urethra.
  • Epididymis is where sperm mature.
  • Urethra carries both semen and urine.
  • Male hormones (e.g., testosterone) regulate sperm production.
  • Ovaries produce ova (eggs) and hormones (estrogen, progesterone).
  • Placenta delivers nutrients to the embryo.
  • Estrogen and progesterone regulate the menstrual cycle and secondary sex characteristics.
  • Fallopian tube is the usual site of fertilization.
  • Uterus prepares for implantation and maintains pregnancy.
  • Uterus wall thickens, egg is released, and lining breaks down (menstruation).

Menstrual Cycle

  • Menstrual cycle is a result of the female body preparing for pregnancy.
  • Cycle phases: Menstrual, Follicular, Ovulation, and Luteal.
  • Menstruation (1-5 days): Shedding of the uterine lining if pregnancy does not occur.
  • Follicular phase (6-13 days): Egg develops and LH surges before ovulation.
  • Ovulation (Day 14): Egg release from the ovary.
  • Luteal phase (15-28 days): Corpus luteum produces progesterone which maintains the uterine lining.
  • Positive feedback loop in childbirth and lactation.
  • Negative feedback loop (in menstruation) when pregnancy does not occur.
  • Positive feedback loop in ovulation.

Homeostasis

  • Homeostasis is the body's process to maintain a stable internal environment.

DNA Structure

  • DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid.
  • Nitrogenous bases: Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C).
  • Double-stranded helix.
  • DNA stores and transmits genetic information.
  • RNA has ribose sugar and uracil (U) instead of thymine.

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