Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a distinguishing characteristic of the Schizont stage of Plasmodium vivax?
What is a distinguishing characteristic of the Schizont stage of Plasmodium vivax?
- Scattered pigment dots (correct)
- Presence of a thin rim of cytoplasm
- Single chromatin mass
- Presence of distinct vacuoles
Which feature indicates a Ring stage of Plasmodium falciparum?
Which feature indicates a Ring stage of Plasmodium falciparum?
- Occupation of the entire RBC volume
- Enlarged red blood cells
- Rounded with compact cytoplasm
- Single or double chromatin mass with a vacuole (correct)
What is a characteristic of the Gametocyte stage of Plasmodium vivax?
What is a characteristic of the Gametocyte stage of Plasmodium vivax?
- Occupies only 1/6 of RBC volume
- Presence of numerous irregular masses
- Features a thin rim of cytoplasm
- Rounded shape with a single chromatin mass (correct)
How does the infected RBC size differ between Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum?
How does the infected RBC size differ between Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum?
What is a common characteristic of multiple infections in RBCs caused by Plasmodium falciparum?
What is a common characteristic of multiple infections in RBCs caused by Plasmodium falciparum?
What stage is characterized by the presence of Schüffner’s dots and vacuoles in Plasmodium vivax?
What stage is characterized by the presence of Schüffner’s dots and vacuoles in Plasmodium vivax?
Which stage of Plasmodium falciparum is identified by the presence of a chromatin dot?
Which stage of Plasmodium falciparum is identified by the presence of a chromatin dot?
What is the definitive host for Babesia species?
What is the definitive host for Babesia species?
Which statement correctly describes Babesia microti infection in humans?
Which statement correctly describes Babesia microti infection in humans?
How can one acquire the infective stage of Babesia spp.?
How can one acquire the infective stage of Babesia spp.?
What characteristic distinguishes Plasmodium vivax Ring stage?
What characteristic distinguishes Plasmodium vivax Ring stage?
What characteristic distinguishes Plasmodium vivax from P. falciparum in blood films?
What characteristic distinguishes Plasmodium vivax from P. falciparum in blood films?
In which habitat do Babesia parasites predominantly reside during their life cycle?
In which habitat do Babesia parasites predominantly reside during their life cycle?
Which of the following is a common mode of transmission for Babesia spp. aside from vector bites?
Which of the following is a common mode of transmission for Babesia spp. aside from vector bites?
During what stage are sporozoites introduced into humans?
During what stage are sporozoites introduced into humans?
What is the primary habitat for Babesia spp. during its life cycle in the vector?
What is the primary habitat for Babesia spp. during its life cycle in the vector?
Which morphological characteristic is used to identify polymorphic trypanosomes?
Which morphological characteristic is used to identify polymorphic trypanosomes?
What distinguishes Trypanosoma cruzi from Trypanosoma brucei in terms of morphology and infection site?
What distinguishes Trypanosoma cruzi from Trypanosoma brucei in terms of morphology and infection site?
Which vector is primarily associated with the transmission of Babesia spp.?
Which vector is primarily associated with the transmission of Babesia spp.?
How does Plasmodium spp. primarily survive and reproduce within the human host?
How does Plasmodium spp. primarily survive and reproduce within the human host?
What is the primary difference in the habitat of Leishmania donovani compared to Plasmodium spp.?
What is the primary difference in the habitat of Leishmania donovani compared to Plasmodium spp.?
What is the primary morphological characteristic of the amastigote form of Leishmania?
What is the primary morphological characteristic of the amastigote form of Leishmania?
Which statement accurately describes the distribution of sand flies?
Which statement accurately describes the distribution of sand flies?
What is a key characteristic of the promastigote form of Leishmania?
What is a key characteristic of the promastigote form of Leishmania?
How do male sand flies primarily obtain nourishment?
How do male sand flies primarily obtain nourishment?
Which life stage is NOT part of the complete metamorphosis of sand flies?
Which life stage is NOT part of the complete metamorphosis of sand flies?
What environmental conditions do most species of sand flies prefer for activity?
What environmental conditions do most species of sand flies prefer for activity?
Which morphological form of Leishmania is characterized by a long undulating membrane and a free flagellum?
Which morphological form of Leishmania is characterized by a long undulating membrane and a free flagellum?
What is the typical size range for sand flies?
What is the typical size range for sand flies?
What is a distinguishing feature of microfilaria from Brugia malayi compared to Wuchereria bancrofti?
What is a distinguishing feature of microfilaria from Brugia malayi compared to Wuchereria bancrofti?
Which structure in male mosquitoes is characterized by dense hairs?
Which structure in male mosquitoes is characterized by dense hairs?
How do Culex larvae suspend themselves in water?
How do Culex larvae suspend themselves in water?
What is a notable characteristic of Anopheles larvae compared to Culex larvae?
What is a notable characteristic of Anopheles larvae compared to Culex larvae?
Which statement accurately describes the egg-laying habits of Anopheles mosquitoes?
Which statement accurately describes the egg-laying habits of Anopheles mosquitoes?
What is the structure of the mouthparts in male mosquitoes?
What is the structure of the mouthparts in male mosquitoes?
What distinguishes the larvae of Aedes from those of Anopheles?
What distinguishes the larvae of Aedes from those of Anopheles?
Which of the following insects are known for their dark brown eggs with air cells?
Which of the following insects are known for their dark brown eggs with air cells?
What type of antennae do female mosquitoes possess?
What type of antennae do female mosquitoes possess?
What do adult male mosquitoes NOT possess in terms of structure?
What do adult male mosquitoes NOT possess in terms of structure?
Study Notes
Plasmodium spp.
- Malaria is caused by Plasmodium spp.
- Diagnostic stages for P. vivax
- Trophozoite Stage: Enlarged RBC, Schüffner's dots, Thin loop of cytoplasm, Single or double chromatin mass
- Schizont Stage: Almost fills the RBC, Numerous irregular chromatin masses and scattered pigment dots
- Gametocyte Stage: Rounded with compact cytoplasm and one chromatin mass, fills RBC, Schüffner's dots
- Diagnostic stages for P. falciparum
- Ring Stage: Thin rim of cytoplasm, single chromatin dot, found inside a normal sized RBC (no enlarged RBC)
- Gametocyte Stage: Crescent or banana shaped, RBC is stretched
- Key morphological differences between P. vivax & P. falciparum
- P. vivax: Thin rim of cytoplasm, single or double chromatin dots, enlarged infected RBCs, single infection per RBC
- P. falciparum: Very thin rim of cytoplasm, usually two chromatin dots, infected RBC same size as others, multiple infection per RBC
Babesia spp.
- Distribution: Found in various parts of the world, including USA and Europe.
- Habitat: Blood inside red blood cells
- Transmission:
- Bite of infected hard tick (transmits infection from animals to humans)
- Blood transfusion
- Congenital (rare)
- DH and Vector: Hard tick
- IH: Human
- RH: Rodents and cattle
- Morphology:
- Sporozoites (pear-shaped) - found in salivary glands of ticks
- Intraerythrocytic stages: Ring forms with very thin cytoplasm and large chromatin (merozoites)
- Merozoites are 2-5 µm in size, pyriform, spherical, or ovoid, may be single, in pairs, or tetrads (Maltese cross)
- Infective stage: Sporozoites (from tick bite), merozoites (from blood transfusion)
Leishmania spp.
- Distribution: Worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical countries.
- Vector: Sand fly of the genus Phlebotomus (Old World) and Lutzomyia (New World)
- Morphological forms:
- Amastigote: Oval or spherical, 2-5 x 1-2 µ, no free flagellum
- Promastigote: Elongated, 10-20 x 1-3 µ, central nucleus, anterior kinetoplast, anterior free flagellum
- Epimastigote: Elongated, 10-20 x 1-3 µ, kinetoplast anterior to the central nucleus, flagellum forms short undulating membrane before becoming free
- Trypomastigote: Spindle-shaped, 15-35 x 1-3 µ, kinetoplast posterior, long undulating membrane, free flagellum
Brugia malayi
- Distribution: Worldwide (tropical and subtropical regions)
- Transmission: Mosquitoes
- Morphology: The microfilaria is similar to Wuchereria bancrofti but smaller. The posterior end is pointed with 2 nuclei, the distal is large and extends to the tail, the proximal one is smaller.
- Life cycle: Similar to Wuchereria bancrofti
Mosquitoes
- General morphology: Body composed of head, thorax, and abdomen
- Head: Compound eyes, 15 segmented antennae (plumose in males, pilose in females), 4 segmented maxillary palps
- Thorax: 3 segments (prothorax, mesothorax, metathorax), each with a pair of legs, mesothorax carries wings
- Abdomen: 10 segments, last 2 modified into male (claspers) and female (cerci)
- Culex
- Non-spotted wings
- Maxillary palps: Short and thick
- Antennae: Short & sporadic hair in females, Long & dense hair in males
- Eggs: Laid in batches, dark brown
- Larvae: Suspended diagonally from surface of water, long and thick siphon
- Pupae: Non-feeding, respiratory trumpets are tubular
- Anopheles
- Spotted wings
- Maxillary palps: Long
- Antennae: Short & sporadic hair in females, Long & dense hair in males
- Eggs: Laid singly, dark brown with air cells
- Larvae: Parallel to surface of water, no siphon
- Pupae: Non-feeding, respiratory trumpets are funnel-shaped
Toxoplasma gondii
- Distribution: Worldwide
- DH: Cats and other felines
- IH: Humans
- Transmission: Feline feces, undercooked meat, contaminated water, mother to baby
- **
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge on the diagnostic stages of Plasmodium spp. that cause malaria, particularly P. vivax and P. falciparum. The quiz covers key morphological differences and various life stages of these parasites. Understanding these concepts is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment of malaria.
