Makeup Basics and Techniques

Questions and Answers

Makeup is a part of cosmetology that is very interesting and can produce 1_ and 2 changes in the appearance.

dramatic and immediate

Most clients prefer a 1, simply covering or focusing attention away from 2 and accenting good facial features.

Natural and Facial

Why is it important to know basic makeup techniques even if you plan to focus on providing hair and chemical services to clients?

Giving advice to help clients look their best, offering the clients a total package with the use of makeup, to be able to highlight clients' attractive features, hide not-so-attractive features, and change the appearance of their face shape.

1 is a tinted cosmetic, also known as 2, that is used to cover or even out the coloring of the skin.

Foundation and Base makeup Signup and view all the answers

What is foundation?

Also known as base makeup, it is a tinted cosmetic used to cover or even out the coloring of the skin. Signup and view all the answers

What is a color primer?

A product applied to the skin before foundation to cancel out and help disguise skin discoloration. Signup and view all the answers

Foundation can be used to ________.

Conceal dark spots, blemishes, other imperfections. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following foundation forms with their correct types:

Liquid = Lighter coverage Stick = Thicker and easier to apply Cream = Heavier coverage Signup and view all the answers

A new trend in foundation is 1 makeup; this is a(n) 2 form of foundation.

Mineral powder and Powder Signup and view all the answers

Why would a color primer be applied to the skin?

To help cancel out and disguise skin discoloration. Signup and view all the answers

A client who has a yellowish or sallow skin might benefit from which color primer?

Lavender Signup and view all the answers

Why would a skin primer be applied to the skin?

To fill in fine lines, gaps, or other uneven surfaces of the skin, providing a smoother skin surface. Signup and view all the answers

Most liquid and cream foundations are mixtures of 1 spreading agents as a base containing a significant amount of talc and different coloring agents called 2.

A base mixture of water and oil and pigments Signup and view all the answers

Liquid foundations, also called _____ foundations, are mostly water but often contain an emollient.

Water base Signup and view all the answers

Matte means that liquid foundation will dry to become nonshiny.

True Signup and view all the answers

Water-based foundations are most often used for 1 and for oily to 2 skin types.

Lighter coverage and Combination Signup and view all the answers

Which type of finish does a water-based foundation give to the skin?

Matte Signup and view all the answers

Foundations that are marketed as oil-free are usually intended for ____?

For oilier skin types. Signup and view all the answers

Why do some oil-free foundations still make the skin look oily?

Some products contain oil substitutes that can make them as oily as foundations containing oil. Signup and view all the answers

____, also known as oil-based, are considerably thicker products.

Cream foundation Signup and view all the answers

Cream foundations always contain both oil and water.

False Signup and view all the answers

Cream foundations provide 1 coverage and are usually intended for 2.

Heavier and dry skin types Signup and view all the answers

What will using cream foundations on oily or acneic skin cause?

May cause more clogged pores to form. Signup and view all the answers

If a cosmetic product causes the formation of clogged pores or comedones, it is called ____, which means comedo-producing.

Comedogenic Signup and view all the answers

Some foundations also contain sunscreen.

True Signup and view all the answers

Choosing the correct color of foundation is extremely important in _____________.

Making makeup look natural Signup and view all the answers

Foundation should be as close to a client's ____ as possible.

Skin coloring Signup and view all the answers

If the foundation is too light, how will it appear?

It will look dull and chalky. Signup and view all the answers

If the foundation is too dark, how will it appear?

Muddy or splotchy. Signup and view all the answers

How should foundation makeup be applied to the skin?

Using a disposable makeup sponge. Signup and view all the answers

What is a line of demarcation?

An obvious line where the color of foundation is used and blended well with the natural skin color. Signup and view all the answers

_____ foundation contains a lot of pigment for coverage.

Mineral powder Signup and view all the answers

____ are thicker and heavier types of foundation that contain more talc or pigment for heavier coverage.

Concealers Signup and view all the answers

What are concealers used for?

Dark eye circles, dark splotches, other imperfections. Signup and view all the answers

Concealers are not available in a wide range of colors, and it may be difficult to match skin color.

False Signup and view all the answers

What may happen if concealer color is not matched perfectly to skin tone?

The concealer may draw attention to the area instead of hiding it. Signup and view all the answers

Some concealers may also contain ingredients that:

Add moisture, control oil, contain anti-acne ingredients. Signup and view all the answers

A concealer may be worn without foundation.

True Signup and view all the answers

Describe what you think are the most important considerations when choosing a foundation for a client.

Making the foundation look natural, skin color. Signup and view all the answers

A cosmetic powder that is used to add a matte or nonshiny finish to the face is a(n) _______.

Face Powder Signup and view all the answers

List 3 uses for face powder.

Set the foundation, minimizes the shine of oily skin, absorb excess oil. Signup and view all the answers

Face powder is available in two forms:

Loose and Pressed. Signup and view all the answers

Pressed powder is blended with a 1 to keep it in a caked form in the tin.

Binding agents Signup and view all the answers

What are the 3 main ingredients in face powder?

Talc, cornstarch, and talc. Signup and view all the answers

Should powder puffs ever be used in the salon? Why?

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cheek color?

To add a natural-looking glow to the cheeks and color to the face. Signup and view all the answers

Is rouge different than blush?

False Signup and view all the answers

What forms does cheek color come in?

Powder, Gel, Cream. Signup and view all the answers

Name 3 places on the face where blush should not be applied.

In a circle on the apple of the cheek, beyond the corner of the eye, inward between the cheekbone and the nose. Signup and view all the answers

_____ is a paste-like cosmetic available in a large variety of colors used to change or enhance the color of the lips.

Lip Color Signup and view all the answers

Some lip color products contain conditioners to moisturize the lips or sunscreen to protect against sun exposure.

True Signup and view all the answers

Lip color is available in a variety of forms including:

Creams, Glosses, Pencils, Gels, Sticks. Signup and view all the answers

Lip color must blend with a client's ____ and any other makeup that is used.

Hair and Eye color. Signup and view all the answers

Fashion also helps dictate what about lipstick?

Color, Application styles, Whether it looks shiny or matte. Signup and view all the answers

When is it appropriate to apply lip color directly from its container?

Unless it belongs to the client. Signup and view all the answers

____ is a colored pencil used to outline the lips and keep the lipstick from bleeding into small lines around the mouth.

Lip Liner Signup and view all the answers

Lip liner is usually applied before the lip color to _____.

Define the shape of the lip. Signup and view all the answers

How do you choose a lip liner color?

Choose a color that coordinates with the chosen lipstick. Signup and view all the answers

____ are cosmetics applied on the eyelids to accentuate or contour them.

Eye Shadows Signup and view all the answers

Eye shadows are available in a variety of finishes, including:

Metallic, Matte, Frost, Shimmer, Dewy. Signup and view all the answers

Eye shadows are available in:

Stick, Cream, Pressed powder, Dry powder. Signup and view all the answers

Why should you avoid matching an eye shadow to a client's natural eye color?

It creates a flat field of color. Signup and view all the answers

A darker shade of eye color will have what effect?

Makes the natural color of the iris appear lighter. Signup and view all the answers

A lighter shade of eye color will have what effect?

Makes the iris appear deeper. Signup and view all the answers

______? A medium tone close to the client's skin tone. Used to even skin tone on the eye and to help cover redness and skin discolorations on the eyelid.

Base Color Signup and view all the answers

______? Deeper and darker than the client's skin tone. It is applied to minimize a specific area, to create contour in a crease, or to define the eyelash line.

Contour Color Signup and view all the answers

______? is lighter than the client's skin tone and may have any finish. Highlights a specific area.

Highlight Color Signup and view all the answers

_____ is a cosmetic used to outline and emphasize the eyes.

Eye Liner Signup and view all the answers

Eyeliner is available in a variety of colors, and in what forms?

Pencil, Liquid, Pressed (cake), Felt-tip pen. Signup and view all the answers

What does eyeliner do?

Creates a line on the eyelid close to the lashes to make the eyes appear larger and the lashes appear fuller. Signup and view all the answers

Eyeliner pencils consist of a wax 1 or hardened oil-base 2 with a variety of additives to create color.

Paraffin and Petrolatum Signup and view all the answers

Most clients prefer to use an eyeliner color that is the same color as their _______.

The same color as the lashes or the same color as the mascara for a more natural look. Signup and view all the answers

Where should you not apply eyeliner?

On the inner rim of the eyes. Signup and view all the answers

____ are used to add color to the eyebrows, usually after tweezing or waxing.

Eyebrow shadows Signup and view all the answers

Besides adding color, what are two reasons to use an eyebrow pencil?

Making the brows appear darker and fuller. Signup and view all the answers

____ is a cosmetic preparation used to darken, define, and thicken the eyelashes.

Mascara Signup and view all the answers

Mascara is available in _________ forms.

Liquid, cake, and cream form. Signup and view all the answers

What are the most popular shades for mascara?

Black and Brown. Signup and view all the answers

Name 6 ingredients that are contained in mascara.

To be provided by the user. Signup and view all the answers

_____ remove eye makeup products that are water-resistant.

Eye Makeup removers Signup and view all the answers

_____ is a heavy makeup used for theatrical purposes.

Greasepaint Signup and view all the answers

A shaped, solid mass applied to the face with a moistened cosmetic sponge is ______.

Cake makeup / Pancake makeup Signup and view all the answers

What is a powder brush?

A large, soft brush used to apply powder and blend edges of color. Signup and view all the answers

What is a blush brush?

A smaller, more tapered version of the powder brush, excellent for applying powder cheek color. Signup and view all the answers

What is a concealer brush?

Usually narrow and firm with a flat edge, used to apply concealer around the eyes or over blemishes. Signup and view all the answers

What is a lip brush?

Similar to the concealer brush, with a more tapered edge; may be used to apply concealer or lip color. Signup and view all the answers

What are eye shadow brushes?

Available in a variety of sizes, from small to large, and in finishes from soft to firm. Signup and view all the answers

What is an eyeliner brush?

Fine, tapered, firm bristles; used to apply liquid liner or shadow to the eyes. Signup and view all the answers

What is an angle brush?

Firm, thin bristles; angled for ease of application of shadow to the eyebrows or shadow liner to the eyes. Signup and view all the answers

What is a lash and brow brush?

Comb-like brush used to remove excess mascara on lashes or to comb brows into place. Signup and view all the answers

What are tweezers?

Available in metal or plastic; used to remove excess facial hair. Signup and view all the answers

____ are fundamental colors that cannot be obtained from a mixture.

Primary Colors Signup and view all the answers

The primary colors are:

Red, Yellow, and Blue. Signup and view all the answers

_____ are obtained by mixing equal parts of two primary colors.

Secondary Colors Signup and view all the answers

_____ are obtained by mixing equal amounts of a secondary color and its neighboring primary color on the color wheel.

Tertiary Colors. Signup and view all the answers

A primary and secondary color directly opposite each other on the color wheel are called ____.

Complementary Color Signup and view all the answers

When mixed, complementary colors cancel each other out to create a _____ color.

Neutral brown or gray color. Signup and view all the answers

When placed next to each other, complementary colors will _______.

Each color makes the other look brighter because of the intense contrast. Signup and view all the answers

____ are the range of colors from yellow and gold through the oranges, red-oranges, most reds, and even some yellow-greens.

Warm Colors Signup and view all the answers

____ suggest coolness and are dominated by blues, greens, violets, and blue-reds.

Cool Colors Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Makeup Basics

Makeup can create dramatic and immediate changes in one’s appearance.
Many clients prefer a natural look that emphasizes good features while minimizing flaws.

Importance of Makeup Techniques

Knowledge of basic makeup techniques enhances client satisfaction.
Allows for a comprehensive service offering, pairing hair and chemical services with makeup.
Ability to accentuate attractive features and alter facial shape.

Foundation

Foundation (base makeup) is critical for evening out skin tone.
Available in liquid, stick, cream, and mineral powder forms.
Color primers help disguise skin discoloration before applying foundation.

Application and Types of Foundation

Liquid foundation generally offers lighter coverage; ideal for oily and combination skin types.
Matte finish means the foundation dries without shine.
Cream foundation is thicker, suitable for dry skin, but may clog pores on oily skin.

Choosing the Right Foundation

Selecting a foundation that matches the client’s skin tone is crucial for a natural look.
Improperly matched foundation can appear dull or muddy.
Ideally applied using a disposable makeup sponge.

Concealers

Concealers offer heavier coverage for imperfections like dark circles and spots.
Concealers can be used independently of foundation.
Proper color matching is vital to avoid drawing attention to blemishes.

Face Powder

Used to set foundation, minimize shine, and absorb excess oil.
Available as loose or pressed powder.
Should not use powder puffs in salons due to sanitation issues.

Cheek Color

Adds glow and color to the face, available in powder, gel, and cream forms.
Proper blush application should avoid specific areas on the face for a balanced look.

Lip Makeup

Lip color enhances lip appearance and should match hair and eye color.
Types include creams, glosses, pencils, gels, and sticks.
Lip liner is essential for defining lips and preventing lipstick from bleeding.

Eye Makeup

Eyeliner enhances eye shape and fullness; available in pencil, liquid, pressed, and felt-tip forms.
Eyeshadow comes in various finishes and formats, avoiding alignment with natural eye color for depth.
Eyebrow products add color and fullness, while mascara darkens and defines lashes.

Color Theory

Primary colors (red, yellow, blue) cannot be created by mixing.
Secondary colors are achieved by combining two primary colors.
Tertiary colors result from mixing a secondary color with its neighboring primary.
Complementary colors enhance one another's brightness when placed adjacent.

Tools and Brushes

A variety of brushes such as powder, blush, and eyeshadow brushes each have specific functions for makeup application.
Tweezers are essential for removing unwanted facial hair.

Color Characteristics

Warm colors include yellows, oranges, and reds, suggesting warmth.
Cool colors encompass blues, greens, and violets, conveying cooler tones.

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Description

Explore the fundamentals of makeup, focusing on techniques that enhance beauty and client satisfaction. Understand the importance of foundation types and application methods to achieve the perfect look tailored to individual skin types and preferences.