Chapter 4: Embrace Difficulties
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Questions and Answers

What are the three steps of learning according to the text?

Initial encoding, consolidation, retrieval

How does consolidation help memory traces?

Reorganizes memory traces, gives them meaning

Why is retrieval important for learning?

Enables application of knowledge

Why is having a store of prior knowledge beneficial for learning?

<p>Helps in interpreting and remembering events</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does periodic retrieval strengthen learning?

<p>Strengthens connections to memory, cues for recall</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of retrieval practice is most beneficial for learning?

<p>Difficult practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of embracing difficulties in learning?

<p>Reconsolidation helps update memories with new information and connect them to recent learning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does repeated effortful recall or practice help in learning?

<p>It helps integrate learning into mental models, where ideas or motor skills are fused into a meaningful whole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of practice conditions being varied or retrieval being interleaved with other material?

<p>It increases discrimination and induction abilities, enhancing versatility in applying learning in new settings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do interleaving and variation help in learning?

<p>They build new connections, expanding and more firmly entrenching knowledge in memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is trying to come up with an answer before it's presented beneficial for learning?

<p>It leads to better learning and longer retention, even if the attempted response is wrong, as long as corrective feedback is provided.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of a situation where interleaving and variation can enhance learning.

<p>Driving a car or practicing to hit a curveball in baseball.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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