Makah Tribe Whaling Controversy
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Questions and Answers

What condition did the Makah Tribe agree upon when ceding their land to the US government?

  • They would receive financial compensation for their land.
  • They could continue to hunt deer in their traditional lands.
  • They could maintain ownership of all their tribal land.
  • They could continue hunting whales in their traditional ocean waters. (correct)

    • According to the content, what is a common goal shared by both the Makah Tribe members and their opponents?

  • To increase the population of whales for commercial use.
  • To eliminate all whaling practices.
  • To promote tourism in the region.
  • To find sustainable practices that benefit both people and nature. (correct)

    • What perspective does Greene emphasize regarding life?

  • Life should only be valued based on usefulness to people.
  • Only human life holds significant value.
  • Every form of life, including plants and animals, is sacred. (correct)
  • Life is less important than cultural traditions.

    • What does the content suggest about the relationship between humans and the natural environment?

    <p>Humans continuously have negative impacts on the natural environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What underlying value is suggested by the phrase 'a life is a life is a life'?

    <p>All life forms are equally important and deserve respect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of Comet's blow makes him easy to identify?

    <p>It is heart-shaped due to a blockage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What motivated the Makah Tribe to seek the resumption of whale hunting?

    <p>A long-standing cultural tradition established centuries ago.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action did Carrie Newell take in response to the potential resumption of whaling by the Makah?

    <p>She provided testimony to prevent the Makah from whaling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event allowed the Makah Tribe to seek the resumption of their whaling rights?

    <p>A conditional waiver granted by NOAA in 2019.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did the Makah Tribe voluntarily stop hunting whales in the 1920s?

    <p>In response to dwindling whale populations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the Pacific Coast Feeding Group of gray whales?

    <p>They stay in the Pacific Northwest during summers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treaty granted the Makah the right to hunt whales?

    <p>Treaty of Neah Bay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What emotional response did Carrie Newell exhibit regarding the whale hunting controversy?

    <p>Anger towards the potential resumption of whaling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How have gray whales adapted their migration patterns in response to environmental changes?

    <p>Delayed their southbound migration and expanded feeding northward.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unique behavior do mother whales like Scarback exhibit with their calves?

    <p>They pass down knowledge of unique feeding grounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cultural significance does whaling hold for Christopher Martinez?

    <p>It is a key element in preserving the Makah language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major consequence of the lack of gray whale hunts for the Makah Tribe?

    <p>Loss of cultural practices tied to whaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event in 2020 allowed the Makah Tribe to experience elements of a traditional whale hunt?

    <p>A whale died after becoming entangled in fishing lines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the Draft Environmental Impact Statement related to the Makah's hunting proposal?

    <p>To assess the risks of proposed whaling actions on different whale populations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been identified as a significant vulnerability for the summer resident whales if hunting resumes?

    <p>Their comfortable behavior around people and boats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do the Makah require patience in their quest to resume limited whaling?

    <p>The decision may take decades due to legal processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What crucial knowledge does Greene attribute to the Makah's ancestral connection to gray whales?

    <p>Knowledge vital to maintaining a healthy whale population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit's ruling on December 20, 2020?

    <p>The court reversed a previous decision regarding environmental compliance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Makah Tribe's voluntary halting of whale hunts in the 1920s affect their community?

    <p>It was a challenging time but demonstrated foresight regarding conservation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Patrick DePoe emphasize regarding the impact of the last whale hunt on the Makah community?

    <p>Elders lost the opportunity to engage in integral cultural practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one possible risk associated with the proposed whaling alternatives mentioned in the Draft Environmental Impact Statement?

    <p>Adverse impacts on the Pacific Coast Feeding Group of gray whales.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does whaling play in the cultural identity of the Makah Tribe according to Martinez?

    <p>It represents a crucial link to their heritage and traditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current population of eastern Pacific gray whales?

    <p>Around 26,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Makah receive permission to do in April 2019?

    <p>Hunt an average of four gray whales each year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has contributed to the challenges faced by gray whales today?

    <p>Diminishing Arctic Sea ice and warming temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate round-trip migration distance of gray whales?

    <p>10,000 to 12,000 miles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What conclusion did Carrie Newell come to regarding the Makah's whaling exception?

    <p>The government failed to comply with the Marine Mammal Protection Act</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the summer resident gray whales primarily feeding on in Depoe Bay?

    <p>Mysid shrimp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many gray whales were estimated to have died in the 2019 unusual mortality event?

    <p>From 1,400 to 4,800</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason the Makah argue in favor of their whaling rights?

    <p>It represents an important cultural and ceremonial practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes gray whales as indicative of overall ocean health?

    <p>Indicator species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does TJ Greene, Makah Tribal Council chairman, view the relationship between whaling and whale conservation?

    <p>Whaling and habitat protection are interconnected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Makah's whaling proposal designed to accomplish?

    <p>Limit the chances of harvesting a Pacific Coast Feeding Group whale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group expressed opposition to the Makah's whaling waiver?

    <p>Environmental scientists and animal welfare advocates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the term 'site fidelity' in the context of the summer resident gray whales?

    <p>Their tendency to return to specific locations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What view does Carrie Newell hold regarding the importance of gray whales?

    <p>They are vital for understanding ocean health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Makah Tribe Whaling Controversy

    • Makah Tribe, located in Neah Bay, seeks to resume gray whale hunting, a 2,700-year-old tradition.
    • The tribe secured the right to hunt whales in the 1855 Treaty of Neah Bay, in exchange for land ceded to the US government.
    • The NOAA, in 2019, granted a conditional waiver, allowing the hunt of an average of four eastern North Pacific gray whales per year, with a maximum of five whales in a year.

    Gray Whale Population & Migration

    • The eastern Pacific gray whale population has rebounded to around 26,000 since the 1940s.
    • Gray whales undertake a long migration (around 6,000-12,000 miles), traveling from Arctic feeding grounds to Baja California breeding lagoons, and back.
    • A unique Pacific Coast Feeding Group (PCFG) stays in the Pacific Northwest, feeding on mysid shrimp in kelp beds.
    • These whales are well-suited to observation because they often swim close to boats.

    Opposition to Whaling

    • Animal rights groups and scientists oppose the Makah's whaling, arguing it's inhumane and harmful.
    • Claims a vulnerable, site-faithful group of whales will be impacted by the hunts, especially the PCFG which doesn't migrate far north.
    • Concerns include compliance with the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972.

    Makah Perspective

    • Whaling is ingrained in Makah culture, vital for survival and spiritual traditions.
    • It involves specific, culturally-significant ceremonies, songs, and practices.
    • Makah members have considerable knowledge of whale migration and population dynamics
    • Their proposed hunts are designed to reduce harm to whale populations.
    • The hunt has huge cultural importance in their community.
    • A 2019 administrative trial led to the NOAA granting the Makah a waiver for limited hunting.
    • The Makah won court support based on treaty rights, but faced legal challenges.
    • The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals reversed the waiver in 2020, citing a breach of the National Environmental Policy Act, potentially delaying future hunting, pending appeals.
    • The Makah Tribe is committed to their right and is attempting various approaches to resolve this issue.

    Human Impact on Whales and Oceans

    • Climate change, warming temperatures, and diminishing Arctic sea ice are affecting whale food sources.
    • An Unusual Mortality Event was declared in 2019 involving gray whales.
    • Gray whales serve as indicators of overall ocean health, with changes in their behavior and habitat reflecting wider environmental issues.

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    Description

    Explore the complexities surrounding the Makah Tribe's efforts to resume gray whale hunting, a tradition that dates back 2,700 years. Understand the legal, ecological, and ethical dimensions of this controversy, including the tribe's rights from the 1855 Treaty and current population statistics of gray whales.

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