Major World Religions Overview
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Major World Religions Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which states in India have a high incidence of unemployment exceeding 10%?

  • Bihar
  • Goa (correct)
  • Maharashtra
  • Kerala (correct)

    • Which of the following states are identified as having weak industrialization?

  • Karnataka
  • Madhya Pradesh (correct)
  • Kerala (correct)
  • Tamil Nadu

    • What is a significant reason for income inequalities in India?

  • Financial inclusion gaps (correct)
  • High wages in urban areas
  • Development of skill-based industries
  • Employment rate discrepancies (correct)

    • In which state do females outnumber males according to the gender ratio?

    <p>Kerala</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which states show lower life expectancy for females compared to males?

    <p>Uttar Pradesh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of India's population lives in rural areas according to Census 2011?

    <p>68.84%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following states is described as having the worst gender ratio?

    <p>Haryana</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of Indian villages?

    <p>Widespread caste system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the five ‘Ks' in Sikhism?

    <p>Kavi (poet)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate spiritual goal in Buddhism known as?

    <p>Nirvana</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the Four Noble Truths in Buddhism?

    <p>The path to nirvana requires meditation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered the 24th Tirthankar in Jainism?

    <p>Lord Mahavira</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two sects represent the major divisions in Jainism?

    <p>Digambar and Shwetambar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the holy book of Buddhism called?

    <p>Tripitaka</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Jainism, which of the following is emphasized as a guiding principle?

    <p>Non-attachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of the teachings that were revealed to Moses in Judaism?

    <p>Laws and commandments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary occupation of the majority of rural people in India?

    <p>Agriculture and related areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the population distributed in rural areas of India?

    <p>Scattered among a large number of villages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of India's total population lived in villages as per the 2011 census?

    <p>68.84%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of social interactions in Indian villages?

    <p>Face-to-face relationships and familiarity among villagers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the literacy rate in rural areas compared to urban areas in India?

    <p>Rural literacy rates are generally lower than urban rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do rural women in India predominantly play within their families?

    <p>They support family needs and engage in indoor activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best reflects the general attitude of people in Indian villages?

    <p>They tend to be conservative and resistant to change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are women in rural India highly reliant on family institutions?

    <p>They depend on marriage and family for support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What sector employs the majority of the urban population?

    <p>Services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the unemployment rate in urban areas compare to that in rural areas as of 2011-12?

    <p>Lower in urban areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of media has the lowest penetration among the urban population?

    <p>Press</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the percentage of people living below the poverty line in urban India in 2011-12?

    <p>13.70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to poverty in urban areas?

    <p>Unemployment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What issue is NOT mentioned as a main problem faced by the urban population?

    <p>Low access to education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the work participation rate for female workers in urban areas?

    <p>15.4%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is often used to refer to tribes due to their original habitat?

    <p>Girijans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unemployment rate in rural areas according to the Current Daily Status (CDS) as per 2011-12 estimates?

    <p>5.7%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT listed as a cause of rural poverty?

    <p>Urban migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which percentage indicates the work participation rate for females in rural areas?

    <p>30.0%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of media exposure in rural areas compared to urban areas?

    <p>Lower exposure overall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As per 2011-12 estimates, which state is NOT identified as having high rural poverty?

    <p>Punjab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents a significant issue faced by the rural population?

    <p>Lack of infrastructure facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which estimate shows a lower unemployment rate for urban areas based on the Usual Principal and Subsidiary Status (UPSS)?

    <p>3.4%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the Current Weekly Status (CWS) and Usual Principal and Subsidiary Status (UPSS) measures of unemployment primarily assess?

    <p>Unemployment and underemployment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Major World Religions

    • Hinduism: Oldest religion in the world, followed by the largest number of people in India. The holy book is the Vedas.
    • Islam: Second largest religion in the world, followed by the second largest number of people in India. Holy books are the Quran and Hadiths.
    • Christianity: Third largest religion in the world, followed by the third largest number of people in India. Holy book is the Bible.
    • Sikhism: Founded by Guru Nanak and further developed by the nine Gurus after him. Holy book is the Guru Granth Sahib. Sikhs wear five K's.
      • Kesh (hair)
      • Kangha (comb)
      • Kara (bracelet)
      • Kirpan (sword)
      • Kachha (shorts)
    • Buddhism: Founded by Lord Gautam Buddha. 85% of Buddhists in India live in Maharashtra.
      • Two major schools of thought: Hinayana and Mahayana
      • Holy book is the Tripitaka
      • The goal of Buddhism is to achieve Nirvana (enlightenment).
      • The Four Noble Truths
        • All existence is dukkha - Human life is full of struggle or sorrow
        • The cause of dukkha is craving - Desire is the root cause of sorrow
        • The cessation of dukkha comes with the cessation of craving - Removal of desire leads to removal of sorrow
        • There is a path that leads from dukkha – There is a path (Eightfold Path) that helps to remove sorrow and attain nirvana
      • The Eightfold Path
        • Right view
        • Right intention
        • Right speech
        • Right action
        • Right livelihood
        • Right effort
        • Right mindfulness
        • Right concentration
    • Jainism: Followers are mostly located in Maharashtra, Gujarat and Rajasthan.
      • Preached by Lord Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankar of Jainism.
      • Texts containing Lord Mahavira’s teachings are called Agamas
      • Two sects: Digambar and Shwetambar
      • Three guiding principles:
        • Right Perception (Samyak Darshana)
        • Right Knowledge (Samyak Jnana)
        • Right Conduct (Samyak Chritra)
      • Five main vows:
        • Ahimsa (Non-violence)
        • Satya (Truth)
        • Asteya (Not stealing)
        • Brahmacharya (Chastity or Celibacy)
        • Aparigraha (Renunciation or Detachment)
    • Judaism: Religion, philosophy and way of life of Jewish people.
      • Based on God’s laws revealed to Moses on Mount Sinai

    Regional Imbalances in India

    • Unemployment: Highest in literate states of Kerala, Goa, Tamil Nadu, and lower in poorer states like Orissa, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, and UP.
    • Industrialization: Maharashtra, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka have made progress, whereas, northeastern states lag behind.
    • Income Inequalities: Highly populated states like Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and UP have glaring income inequalities.
      • Reasons include: unemployment, low wages, and lack of financial inclusion.
    • Gender-Ratio: Kerala has a higher proportion of females than males. Haryana has the worst gender ratio.
    • Life Expectancy: Kerala has a higher life expectancy for females, whereas, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and UP have a higher life expectancy for males.

    Rural Characteristics

    • India is a land of villages with 68.84% of the population living in them.
    • Caste System: Widespread in villages, with each village having several castes.
      • Interdependence of castes due to specialized occupations.
    • Intimate Relations: Face-to-face relations among people with close relationships.
      • Due to small population and regular interactions.
    • Status of Women: Dependent on men, working indoors and in fields, and attached to family.
    • Occupation: Mostly engaged in agriculture.
      • About 80% of villagers are connected to agriculture.
    • Size of the Population: 68.84% of the population lives in villages, higher compared to developed countries.
      • The reason behind this high proportion is due to the developing nature of the Indian economy and majority of the workers being engaged in agriculture.
    • Location Pattern: Population is scattered.
      • Only about 4000 villages have a population of 10,000 plus.
      • In 2,36,000 villages, the population is less than 500 persons.
    • Literacy: Lower than the urban population, with a rate less than 50% in many states.
      • Due to lack of facilities and poverty.
    • Conservative Attitude: People are resistant to change, leading to backwardness in most villages.
    • Unemployment Rate: High on CDS basis, with 5.7% of the workforce unemployed as compared to 5.5% in urban areas.
    • Media Exposure: Lower than the urban population.
      • Due to poverty and lack of education.
    • Poverty: 25.70% of rural people live below the poverty line, especially in Orissa, Bihar and Madhya Pradesh.
      • Causes include: high population growth, social exploitation, poor implementation of anti-poverty measures.
    • Work Participation Rate: Similar to the urban population for males.
      • Significantly higher for females (30%) compared to urban areas (15.4%)

    Urban Characteristics

    • Urban Population: Mostly engaged in the services sector followed by the secondary sector.
    • Unemployment: Declining on CDS basis, with 5.5% on the CDS basis in 2011-12.
    • Media Exposure: High, with most of the population exposed to radio, TV and internet.
    • Poverty: Lower than the rural population, with 13.70% of people living below the poverty line.
      • Causes include: unemployment, large families, and social evils.
    • Work Participation Rate: Similar for males (53.8%) but lower for females (15.4%) as compared to rural areas.

    Tribal Characteristics

    • Tribes are communities occupying common geographic areas with a common language and culture.
      • Often called ‘Girijans' due to their origin in jungles and hilly regions.

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    Description

    Explore the fundamentals of major world religions including Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, and Buddhism. This quiz covers beliefs, holy books, and key practices associated with each faith, providing a broad understanding of their significance in the world and specifically in India.

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