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What is a key characteristic of the realist perspective in international relations?
According to Marxism, what is the result of global trade between the global north and south?
What is the primary focus of demography?
What is the projected global population by 2050?
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Who introduced the Malthusian Theory, which suggests that preventive and positive checks would control population growth to balance with food supply?
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What is the primary reason for the decline in fertility rate?
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What is the term for the excess of deaths over births in a population?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of international migration?
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What is the projected demographic change by 2050?
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What is the primary reason for the decline in mortality rate?
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Study Notes
Major Lenses of Global Relations
- Realism is a dominant and influential perspective that can be traced back to Niccolo Machiavelli and Thomas Hobbes, with a pessimistic view of the international system as unequal, conflicting, and based on selfish human nature.
- Realists prioritize self-interest and survival, with states seeking power and security in an anarchic system.
Liberalism
- Liberals have an optimistic view of the international system, believing in the possibility of universal and perpetual peace through cooperation and mutual respect.
- Liberals assume that economic interdependence and trade can reduce the likelihood of war and promote harmony.
Marxism
- Marxism focuses on the structures of economic power and inequalities in the global system, with capitalist countries in the global north dominating and exploiting the global south.
Demography
- Demography is the scientific study of human population, focusing on changes in population size and demographic processes.
- The three major demographic processes are birth/fertility rate, migration, and aging/mortality rate.
Global Population
- The global population has grown from 2 billion in 1950 to 7.6 billion in 2017, with a projected 9.8 billion by 2050.
- In 2017, 60% of the global population lived in Asia, 17% in Africa, and 10% in Europe.
Demographic Transition
- The Malthusian Theory, introduced by Thomas Robert Malthus, suggests that population growth is controlled by positive and preventive checks to balance food supply with population level.
- Positive checks include natural forces, while preventive checks include family planning and late marriages.
Fertility Rate
- The global fertility rate has declined from 4.5-7 children per woman in the pre-modern era to below 2.5 children per woman in 2017.
- Reasons for fertility decline include women's empowerment, technological and economic changes, changing norms, opportunities for family planning, and other factors.
Mortality Rate
- The global mortality rate has declined, with a review in 2012 showing 9.7 deaths per 1,000 individuals per year.
- Reasons for mortality decline include population aging and demographic suicide.
Migration
- Migration is the movement of people from one place to another, either within a country or internationally.
- Types of migration include internal migration, international migration, and various categories of international migration.
- Top immigrant-receiving countries include the USA, Germany, Saudi Arabia, Russia, UAE, France, Canada, and Australia.
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Description
This quiz covers the major lenses of global relations, including realism and liberalism, and their perspectives on international relations, power struggles, and human nature.
