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Questions and Answers
Which genes code for molecules involved in immune responses in the human and mouse MHC?
Which genes code for molecules involved in immune responses in the human and mouse MHC?
What are the products of some of the genes involved in antigen processing in the MHC?
What are the products of some of the genes involved in antigen processing in the MHC?
Which genes encode molecules other than peptide display molecules in the MHC?
Which genes encode molecules other than peptide display molecules in the MHC?
Which region in the human and mouse MHC includes genes coding for D P, D M, proteasome genes, D Q, and D R?
Which region in the human and mouse MHC includes genes coding for D P, D M, proteasome genes, D Q, and D R?
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What is the structure of class I MHC molecule?
What is the structure of class I MHC molecule?
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What makes up the peptide-binding cleft of the class I MHC molecule?
What makes up the peptide-binding cleft of the class I MHC molecule?
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Where are the polymorphic residues of class I MHC molecules located?
Where are the polymorphic residues of class I MHC molecules located?
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What do the polymorphic residues of class I MHC molecules influence?
What do the polymorphic residues of class I MHC molecules influence?
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Which genes code for the H-2 M and proteasome genes in class 2 MHC locus?
Which genes code for the H-2 M and proteasome genes in class 2 MHC locus?
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In which domain do the polymorphic residues of class I MHC molecules contribute to variations?
In which domain do the polymorphic residues of class I MHC molecules contribute to variations?
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What part of the class I MHC molecule makes contact with the T cell receptor?
What part of the class I MHC molecule makes contact with the T cell receptor?
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What length of peptides can be accommodated by the peptide-binding cleft of class I MHC molecule?
What length of peptides can be accommodated by the peptide-binding cleft of class I MHC molecule?
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Study Notes
Genes Involved in Immune Responses
- Genes responsible for molecules involved in immune responses in the MHC include HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) genes in humans and H-2 genes in mice.
- These genes encode for proteins that play crucial roles in antigen presentation and immune system activation.
Antigen Processing in MHC
- Products of genes involved in antigen processing include proteasome subunits and TAP (Transporter associated with Antigen Processing) proteins, which facilitate the breakdown and transport of peptides for MHC display.
Genes Beyond Peptide Display in MHC
- MHC region includes genes that code for beta-2 microglobulin, complement components, and cytokine receptors in addition to peptide display molecules.
MHC Region Details
- The Class II MHC region contains genes coding for DP, DM, DQ, and DR along with those for proteasome components and the H-2 M gene.
Class I MHC Structure
- Class I MHC molecules are composed of a heavy chain (also called alpha chain), a light chain (beta-2 microglobulin), and a peptide that occupies the binding cleft.
Peptide-Binding Cleft Composition
- The peptide-binding cleft of Class I MHC molecules is formed by the α1 and α2 domains of the heavy chain, which create a groove that can accommodate peptides.
Polymorphic Residues in Class I MHC
- Polymorphic residues of class I MHC molecules are primarily located in the α1 and α2 domains, enhancing variability among different alleles.
Influence of Polymorphic Residues
- The polymorphic residues influence peptide binding specificity, affecting which antigens can be presented to T cells.
Genes for H-2 M and Proteasome in Class II MHC Locus
- The H-2 M gene and proteasome-related genes are located specifically within the class II MHC locus, contributing to the antigen processing function.
Domain Variations from Polymorphic Residues
- The polymorphic residues contribute to variations predominantly in the α1 domain, crucial for determining the binding affinity of different peptides.
Interaction with T Cell Receptor
- The α3 domain of the Class I MHC molecule is responsible for direct contact with the T cell receptor, facilitating T cell recognition.
Peptide Length in Class I MHC
- The peptide-binding cleft of Class I MHC molecules can typically accommodate peptides of 8 to 11 amino acids in length, ensuring proper fitting for optimal antigen presentation.
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Description
Explore the schematic maps of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex and the mouse H-2 complex to understand the major genes involved in immune responses, including the α and β chains of Class II genes. Learn about the genetic organization of the MHC and its significance in immune function.
