Major Events in Portuguese Empire (1498-1761)

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Questions and Answers

What event marked the beginning of Portuguese control in the Arabian Gulf?

  • The expeditions of Vasco Da Gama (correct)
  • The arrival of British forces
  • The landing in Khor Fakkan
  • The revolt of the Kingdom of Hormuz

What was one of the main outcomes of the Dutch presence in the Arabian Gulf during 1620 CE - 1761 CE?

  • Control over the Kingdom of Hormuz
  • Expansion of Portuguese forts
  • Increased trade across the Indian Ocean (correct)
  • Resistance from British forces

Which major power challenged the Portuguese in their attempt to control parts of the UAE?

  • The Ottomans
  • The Bani Yas
  • The local population of Hormuz (correct)
  • The Dutch

During which years did the British begin to establish a presence in the region mentioned?

<p>1750 CE - 1820 CE (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Afonso de Albuquerque do after attacking Oman?

<p>Return to India (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which city in the UAE was noted for having the 'best water in all of Arabia' according to a map-maker?

<p>Khor Fakkan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a notable feature of Khor Fakkan during the time of Portuguese control?

<p>Large villages with mudbrick buildings and date-palm gardens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group was involved in the resistance and revival around the period of 1600 CE - 1800 CE?

<p>Al Nahyan and the Bani Yas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where did Arab traders typically make voyages to? (Select all that apply)

<p>Ras al-Khaimah (A), Basra (B), Cochin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event in the 1760s led to a significant shift in power dynamics in the Arabian Gulf?

<p>The withdrawal of the Dutch from the region (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Ras al-Khaimah in the context of the provided information?

<p>It was a major port city controlled by the Qawasim. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the Bani Yas known for?

<p>Their dominance in the pearl fishing industry. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Sheikh Rahma Bin Matar Al- Qasimi known for?

<p>He was one of the wealthiest merchants and ship owners in the Arabian Gulf. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the UAE's governing system compared to its age?

<p>The UAE's system of government is rooted in a much older tradition, despite its recent establishment as a country. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could be a potential reason for the British attacks on port towers in the Arabian Gulf?

<p>To prevent attacks on British ships, secure trade, and maintain control. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary significance of the Qawasim and Bani Yas in understanding modern life in the UAE?

<p>They represent two distinct aspects of the UAE's historical and cultural heritage. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Arab trade routes

Arab ships regularly transported goods between ports in the Arabian Gulf and the Indian Subcontinent.

British power in the Arabian Gulf

The British became a dominant force in the Arabian Gulf after the Dutch withdrew in the 18th century.

British actions in the Arabian Gulf

The British used their navy to attack and restrict shipping and development along the Arabian Gulf coast.

Qawasim and Bani Yas tribes

The Qawasim tribe was known for their seafaring and merchant activities, while the Bani Yas tribe was known for their desert expertise and pearl fishing.

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Tribal leadership in the UAE

The leaders of the tribes, the sheikhs, ruled in consultation with their families and community leaders.

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UAE ruling families

The different ruling families in the UAE can trace their origins back to at least the 18th century.

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Sheikh Rahma Bin Matar Al-Qasimi

Sheikh Rahma founded the Al Qasimi dynasty and was known for his wealth and influence in the region.

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Qawasim influence

The Qawasim tribe expanded their influence across the northern and eastern parts of the UAE, including key ports like Khor Fakkan and Dibba.

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Portuguese Empire in the Arabian Gulf

The Portuguese established a prominent presence in the Arabian Gulf and Indian Ocean from 1498 to 1650. They sought control over trade routes and established significant influence in the region.

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Resistance against Portuguese Rule

The period between 1600 and 1800 saw a resurgence of resistance against Portuguese control in the Arabian Gulf. The Qawasim, Bani Yas, and other local populations actively challenged Portuguese power.

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Dutch Presence in the Arabian Gulf

From 1620 to 1761, the Dutch played a significant role in Gulf trade, leveraging their maritime prowess to establish their presence in the region.

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British Arrival in the Arabian Gulf

The arrival of the British in the Arabian Gulf marked a significant turning point in the region's history. Their influence would grow steadily over the next century.

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Al Nahyan and the Bani Yas in Abu Dhabi

In 1761, the Al Nahyan clan of the Bani Yas tribe relocated to Abu Dhabi. This marked the beginning of Abu Dhabi's rise as a key player in the region.

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Portuguese Conquest of Hormuz

Hormuz, a strategic island in the Persian Gulf, was a significant target for Portuguese control. However, the Portuguese faced strong resistance from the local population and other regional powers.

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Gulf Trade during the Dutch Period

During the Dutch period, the coastal cities and towns of the Arabian Gulf flourished with trade routes connecting them to various parts of the Indian Ocean. This era saw significant maritime activity and commercial exchange.

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Study Notes

Major Events

  • 1498 CE - 1650 CE: Portuguese presence in Arabian Gulf and Indian Ocean
  • 1600 CE - 1800 CE: Revival of Qawasim, Bani Yas, and other towns
  • 1620 CE - 1761 CE: Dutch in the Gulf
  • 1718 CE - 1760 CE: Sheikh Rahma bin Matar Al-Qasimi strengthens Ras Al-Khaimah
  • 1750 CE - 1820 CE: British arrival
  • 1761 CE: Al Nahyan and Bani Yas move to Abu Dhabi

Portuguese Empire and Arabian Seas (1500-1620)

  • Ottoman Empire controlled much of Western Asia and the Mediterranean
  • European exploration and maritime empires expanded
  • 1497: Vasco Da Gama's voyage between Western Europe and India
  • Portuguese began controlling areas of South Asia and Arabian Gulf

Portuguese and the UAE

  • Afonso de Albuquerque, a Portuguese naval commander, attacked Oman and UAE
  • Portuguese seized Khor Fakkan, taking everything in the town
  • Khor Fakkan described as containing good houses in Portuguese records

Hormuz and Portuguese in Arabian Gulf

  • Portuguese wanted to control Hormuz Island
  • Portuguese struggled to capture Hormuz
  • Hormuz eventually came under Portuguese control
  • Revolt in Hormuz, supported by UAE's eastern coast, occurred after Afonso de Albuquerque returned to India
  • Portuguese suppressed the revolt

Dutch in the Gulf

  • Dutch presence in the Gulf roughly 1760
  • Arabian Gulf merchants traded long distances across the Indian Ocean
  • Arab trade ships traveled from Basra, Bahrain, Ras Al-Khaimah to ports in India
  • Peak of Arab maritime trade in the 1960s

British Arrival

  • Britain gained power after the Dutch withdrew from the Gulf region (1765)
  • Britain used their naval power to attack and limit local shipping and development in the Gulf region

Tribal Origins of Modern UAE

  • Qawasim and Bani Yas represent significant aspects of modern UAE
  • Bani Yas: known for the interior of the country and involvement in the offshore pearl fisheries
  • Qawasim: merchants and sailors active in Arabian Gulf and Indian Ocean trade
  • Sheikh (leader) ruled in consultation with the community in times of war and peace
  • UAE is a relatively young nation, but its system of governance has roots dating back centuries

Additional Notes (page 3)

  • Trade in pearls and diving was significant
  • Dutch writers noted the wealth of some merchants in the region
  • Qawasim expanded their influence to include ports of Khor Fakkan and Dibba on the eastern coast of the UAE

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