Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
What is the function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
- Prepares the uterus for a fertilized egg
- Regulates levels of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium in blood and bones (correct)
- Increases heart rate and blood pressure
- Controls blood sugar and muscle strength
Which hormone is primarily responsible for the fight-or-flight response?
Which hormone is primarily responsible for the fight-or-flight response?
- Aldosterone
- Cortisol
- Insulin
- Epinephrine (correct)
What is the role of insulin in the body?
What is the role of insulin in the body?
- Stimulates muscle growth
- Controls calcium levels
- Regulates blood pressure
- Regulates blood glucose concentration (correct)
Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal cortex and serves as an anti-inflammatory?
Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal cortex and serves as an anti-inflammatory?
What hormone rises during the second half of the menstrual cycle to prepare the uterus?
What hormone rises during the second half of the menstrual cycle to prepare the uterus?
Which gland secretes both androgens and estrogen?
Which gland secretes both androgens and estrogen?
Which of the following hormones is NOT produced by the adrenal gland?
Which of the following hormones is NOT produced by the adrenal gland?
What effect does aldosterone have on the body?
What effect does aldosterone have on the body?
Which hormone, secreted by the thyroid, is involved in metabolic processes?
Which hormone, secreted by the thyroid, is involved in metabolic processes?
What is the primary role of estrogen in women?
What is the primary role of estrogen in women?
What is the main role of testosterone in males?
What is the main role of testosterone in males?
Which hormone stimulates the adrenal glands to produce hormones?
Which hormone stimulates the adrenal glands to produce hormones?
What function does oxytocin serve in the body?
What function does oxytocin serve in the body?
Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating growth and reducing fat tissue?
Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating growth and reducing fat tissue?
What is the primary source of androgens in women?
What is the primary source of androgens in women?
Which hormone regulates the production of hormones in the pituitary gland?
Which hormone regulates the production of hormones in the pituitary gland?
What is the role of vasopressin in the body?
What is the role of vasopressin in the body?
Which hormone is not produced by the pituitary gland?
Which hormone is not produced by the pituitary gland?
What is a function of prolactin in the human body?
What is a function of prolactin in the human body?
Which hormone is involved in both the reproductive system and physical development?
Which hormone is involved in both the reproductive system and physical development?
Flashcards
What does the thyroid gland produce?
What does the thyroid gland produce?
The thyroid gland is responsible for producing thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, and development.
What is the function of parathyroid hormone?
What is the function of parathyroid hormone?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) plays a crucial role in regulating calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium levels in blood and bones.
What is the function of epinephrine?
What is the function of epinephrine?
Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is produced by the adrenal medulla and triggers the fight-or-flight response. It increases heart rate, blood pressure, and glucose metabolism.
What is the function of norepinephrine?
What is the function of norepinephrine?
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What is the function of aldosterone?
What is the function of aldosterone?
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What is the function of cortisol?
What is the function of cortisol?
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What is the function of insulin?
What is the function of insulin?
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What is the function of estrogen?
What is the function of estrogen?
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What is the function of progesterone?
What is the function of progesterone?
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What are androgens?
What are androgens?
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Androgen production in women
Androgen production in women
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Testosterone's role in males
Testosterone's role in males
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Growth hormone function
Growth hormone function
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Prolactin function
Prolactin function
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ACTH function
ACTH function
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TSH function
TSH function
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FSH function
FSH function
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LH function
LH function
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Oxytocin function
Oxytocin function
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Vasopressin function
Vasopressin function
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Study Notes
Major Endocrine Glands and Hormones
-
Thyroid Gland:
- Secretes thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)
- Function: Regulates metabolism, growth, and development.
-
Parathyroid Gland:
- Secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH)
- Function: Regulates calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium levels in blood and bones.
-
Adrenal Glands:
- Adrenal Medulla:
- Secretes epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
- Function: Part of the "fight-or-flight" response; increases heart rate, blood pressure, blood flow to brain and muscles, and glucose metabolism.
- Adrenal Cortex:
- Secretes:
- Aldosterone: Regulates blood pressure, salt, and water balance.
- Cortisol: Controls blood sugar, blood pressure, muscle strength, salt and water balance; acts as an anti-inflammatory.
- Androgens and estrogen: Sex hormones.
- Secretes:
- Adrenal Medulla:
-
Pancreas:
- Secretes insulin
- Function: Regulates blood glucose levels.
-
Ovaries (Female):
- Secretes:
- Estrogen: Crucial for reproductive and sexual development in women; affects various body systems including reproductive tract, heart, blood vessels, bones, breasts, skin, hair, and brain.
- Progesterone: Prepares the uterus for a fertilized egg; maintains uterine lining if pregnancy occurs; If no fertilization, progesterone levels drop, causing menstruation.
- Androgens (small amounts): Produced alongside estrogen and progesterone; adrenal glands are the main source of androgens in women.
- Secretes:
-
Testes (Male):
- Secretes testosterone
- Function: Drives sex drive, sperm production, muscle mass, bone density, and secondary sexual characteristics.
-
Pituitary Gland:
- Secretes:
- Growth hormone: Regulates growth and development, muscle formation, and fat reduction.
- Prolactin: Stimulates breast milk production.
- ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone): Stimulates adrenal glands to produce hormones.
- TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone): Stimulates thyroid gland to produce hormones.
- FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone): Involved in reproductive processes.
- Oxytocin: Stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection.
- Vasopressin (AVP): Regulates water and electrolyte balance.
- Secretes:
-
Thalamus (Note: This is not an endocrine gland, but it does produce hormones):
- Secretes Oxytocin, Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), Thyrotropin-releasing hormone, Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, Growth hormone-releasing hormone, Corticotropin-releasing hormone, Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone, and Prolactin release-inhibiting hormone.
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