Endocrine System Quiz (BMS Learning Outcomes)

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Prepares the uterus for a fertilized egg

Regulates levels of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium in blood and bones (correct)

Increases heart rate and blood pressure

Controls blood sugar and muscle strength

Which hormone is primarily responsible for the fight-or-flight response?

Aldosterone

Cortisol

Insulin

Epinephrine (correct)

What is the role of insulin in the body?

Stimulates muscle growth

Controls calcium levels

Regulates blood pressure

Regulates blood glucose concentration (correct)

Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal cortex and serves as an anti-inflammatory?

Cortisol Signup and view all the answers

What hormone rises during the second half of the menstrual cycle to prepare the uterus?

Progesterone Signup and view all the answers

Which gland secretes both androgens and estrogen?

Adrenal cortex Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones is NOT produced by the adrenal gland?

Insulin Signup and view all the answers

What effect does aldosterone have on the body?

Regulates salt and water balance Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone, secreted by the thyroid, is involved in metabolic processes?

Thyroxine (T4) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of estrogen in women?

Supports reproductive and sexual development Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of testosterone in males?

Supporting sex drive and muscle mass Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates the adrenal glands to produce hormones?

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Signup and view all the answers

What function does oxytocin serve in the body?

Stimulates breast milk ejection and uterine contractions Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating growth and reducing fat tissue?

Growth hormone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of androgens in women?

Ovaries and adrenal glands Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone regulates the production of hormones in the pituitary gland?

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of vasopressin in the body?

Regulates blood pressure and water balance Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is not produced by the pituitary gland?

Testosterone Signup and view all the answers

What is a function of prolactin in the human body?

Controls breast milk production Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is involved in both the reproductive system and physical development?

Luteinizing hormone (LH) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Major Endocrine Glands and Hormones

Thyroid Gland:
- Secretes thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)
- Function: Regulates metabolism, growth, and development.
Parathyroid Gland:
- Secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH)
- Function: Regulates calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium levels in blood and bones.
Adrenal Glands:
- Adrenal Medulla:
  - Secretes epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
  - Function: Part of the "fight-or-flight" response; increases heart rate, blood pressure, blood flow to brain and muscles, and glucose metabolism.
- Adrenal Cortex:
  - Secretes:
    - Aldosterone: Regulates blood pressure, salt, and water balance.
    - Cortisol: Controls blood sugar, blood pressure, muscle strength, salt and water balance; acts as an anti-inflammatory.
    - Androgens and estrogen: Sex hormones.
Pancreas:
- Secretes insulin
- Function: Regulates blood glucose levels.
Ovaries (Female):
- Secretes:
  - Estrogen: Crucial for reproductive and sexual development in women; affects various body systems including reproductive tract, heart, blood vessels, bones, breasts, skin, hair, and brain.
  - Progesterone: Prepares the uterus for a fertilized egg; maintains uterine lining if pregnancy occurs; If no fertilization, progesterone levels drop, causing menstruation.
  - Androgens (small amounts): Produced alongside estrogen and progesterone; adrenal glands are the main source of androgens in women.
Testes (Male):
- Secretes testosterone
- Function: Drives sex drive, sperm production, muscle mass, bone density, and secondary sexual characteristics.
Pituitary Gland:
- Secretes:
  - Growth hormone: Regulates growth and development, muscle formation, and fat reduction.
  - Prolactin: Stimulates breast milk production.
  - ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone): Stimulates adrenal glands to produce hormones.
  - TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone): Stimulates thyroid gland to produce hormones.
  - FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone): Involved in reproductive processes.
  - Oxytocin: Stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection.
  - Vasopressin (AVP): Regulates water and electrolyte balance.
Thalamus (Note: This is not an endocrine gland, but it does produce hormones):
- Secretes Oxytocin, Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), Thyrotropin-releasing hormone, Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, Growth hormone-releasing hormone, Corticotropin-releasing hormone, Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone, and Prolactin release-inhibiting hormone.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the major endocrine glands and their hormones. This quiz covers essential functions including metabolism regulation, calcium balance, and the stress response. Understand how different hormones impact growth, development, and bodily functions.