Endocrine System Hormones Quiz

The spread of cancer cells from the original tumor to other parts of the body.

Antigens are molecules that trigger the immune response, while antibodies are the immune system's defense agents that target and neutralize these antigens.

Mature red blood cells (RBCs) are produced in the bone marrow.

Granulated white blood cells (WBCs), like eosinophils, neutrophils, and basophils, mature in the bone marrow.

Lymphocytes, a type of WBC, mature in either the bone marrow or the thymus.

B cells, a type of lymphocyte, mature in the bone marrow and produce antibodies, which target specific antigens, to fight infections.

Helper T cells, a type of T cell, stimulate other immune cells to fight infections. HIV attacks helper T cells.

Killer T cells, a type of T cell, directly kill infected or cancerous cells. They are also involved in transplant rejection.

These T cells are 'trained' to recognize specific antigens and act quickly upon re-exposure, creating a rapid immune response.

Suppressor T cells regulate the immune response by turning off the activity of other T cells once the infection is under control. They prevent an overreaction of the immune system.

Found in body fluids like tears and saliva, they protect the body's entry points.

Found on the surface of B cells, they are believed to regulate the activity of B cells in the immune response.

Effective against parasites and involved in allergic reactions like hay fever.

The most common antibody in the body, it coats microorganisms for easier recognition and removal. It can also cross the placenta to protect the developing fetus.

Found in the bloodstream and very effective at killing bacteria. It is the first antibody produced in response to an infection.

This type of immunity is achieved through direct exposure to an antigen, allowing the body to develop its own immune response. It is long-lasting.

A condition where the kidneys are unable to effectively filter waste products from the blood, leading to a buildup of toxins.

A type of renal failure that develops gradually over time, often due to underlying conditions like diabetes or high blood pressure.

A condition where the kidneys suddenly lose their filtering ability, often due to injury, infection, or obstruction.

A buildup of urea, nitrogen, and creatinine in the blood due to impaired kidney function.

Fast, deep, labored breathing, often seen in metabolic acidosis, which can occur in renal failure.

A diet low in protein, sodium, and potassium, with controlled fluid intake, used to manage renal failure.

A medical procedure that artificially filters the blood, removing waste products, in cases of kidney failure.

A diagnostic test that uses X-rays to visualize the kidneys, ureters, and bladder, helping to assess kidney function and identify abnormalities.

The pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain, produces and releases growth hormone, which is essential for normal growth and development.

The pituitary gland's thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) triggers the thyroid gland to produce and release its own hormones, which regulate metabolism.

The pituitary gland releases adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol, a hormone essential for stress response and energy regulation.

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) from the pituitary gland influences skin pigmentation, giving it its color.

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are crucial for reproductive function in both males and females, regulating the development of eggs and sperm.

Stimulates the liver to release glycogen and convert it to glucose, thereby increasing blood sugar levels.

Influences onset of puberty and circadian rhythms.

Develops breast tissue and stimulates secretion of milk from mammary glands.

Causes calcium to be stored in bones; reduces blood level of calcium.

Increases heart rate, blood pressure, and flow of blood; decreases intestinal activity.

Promotes growth of primary and secondary sexual characteristics.

Essential to the metabolism of carbohydrates; reduces the blood sugar level.

Controls electrolyte balances by regulating the reabsorption of sodium and the excretion of potassium.

Stimulates contraction of the uterus, especially during childbirth; causes the ejection of milk from mammary glands.

Develops primary and secondary sexual characteristics; stimulates maturation of sperm.

A blood test assessing the body's capacity to handle a large glucose intake. Multiple blood samples are drawn over time after consuming a glucose mixture.

A blood test that measures the average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months. It reflects how well glucose is controlled.

A state of dangerously high blood sugar, often associated with diabetic ketoacidosis.

A state of dangerously low blood sugar, commonly known as 'insulin shock.'

A medication commonly used to manage type 2 diabetes, primarily by improving insulin sensitivity.

A hormone produced by the placenta during pregnancy, detected by urine tests to confirm pregnancy.

Hormones produced by the thyroid gland, crucial for regulating metabolism.