Major Depressive Episode Symptoms Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is one function of helpful anxiety as described in the text?

Causing excessive levels of fear

Interfering with daily functioning

Inhibiting us from taking any action

Alerting us to real or potential danger (correct)

Under what conditions does anxiety become harmful?

When it is activated in response to danger

When it exists in moderate amounts

When it causes no interference with daily functioning

When found in excessive levels relative to the perceived threat (correct)

What type of dangers can trigger the threat system, as mentioned in the text?

Dangers related to internal thoughts only

Only physical dangers

Real or imaginary dangers (correct)

Dangers that are easily escapable

What distinguishes anxiety disorders from normal anxiety, based on the text?

Pervasive and persistent symptoms of anxiety and fear Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of determining when anxiety becomes a disorder?

Excessive tendencies on avoiding and escaping situations Signup and view all the answers

What is another term for Dissociative Identity Disorder?

Multiple Personality Disorder Signup and view all the answers

How many distinct personality states are required to meet the DSM-5 criteria for DID?

2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical number of alters in a person with DID?

Hundreds Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of DID as described in the text?

Loss of sense of reality Signup and view all the answers

What type of antidepressants inhibit the reuptake of neurotransmitters?

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the term 'host identities' in the context of DID?

The original personality of the individual Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark feature of Anorexia Nervosa restrictive type (AN-R)?

Absence of regular bingeing or purging Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is known to regulate the rate of neurotransmission in Bipolar Disorders?

Lithium Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cognitive target for psychological treatments in eating disorders?

Negative, biased thinking Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the Binge-purge type (AN-BP) of Anorexia Nervosa?

Recurrent purging Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is characterized by self-imposed dietary restriction resulting in low body weight?

Anorexia Nervosa Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom must be present to consider someone to have Major Depressive Episode (MDE)?

Significant changes in appetite and/or weight Signup and view all the answers

According to the DSM-5, how long should a person experience depressed moods for it to be considered Dysthymic Disorder?

At least 2 years Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT a criteria for a Manic Episode in Bipolar Mood Disorder?

Poor concentration or difficulty making decisions Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Bipolar Mood Disorder Mania Episode?

Persistent elevated mood and increased goal-directed activity Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom differentiates a Manic Episode from a Major Depressive Episode?

Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity Signup and view all the answers

In Dysthymic Disorder, how long should a person have never been without symptoms for at any given time?

> 2 months Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential negative effect of dieting according to the text?

18 times higher chances of developing an eating disorder within six months Signup and view all the answers

What does CBT stand for in the context of eating disorder treatment?

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Signup and view all the answers

What are common deterrents to help-seeking for eating disorders?

Expenses and cognitive impairment Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the treatment goals for Anorexia Nervosa?

Promote refeeding and weight restoration Signup and view all the answers

Apart from symptom reduction, what else might treatment for eating disorders focus on?

'Identities' outside of the eating disorder Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

Also known as split or multiple personality disorder
Presence of 2+ distinct identities (alters) that coexist simultaneously
Aspects of person's identity dissociated from core identity
DSM-5 criteria: 2+ distinct personality states, marked discontinuity in sense of self and agency, and alterations in affect, behavior, consciousness, memory, perception, cognition, and/or sensory motor functioning between identities
Gaps in recall of everyday events, important personal information, and/or traumatic events

Characteristics of DID

Alters: different identities, personalities (average of 15, but can be hundreds)
Host identities: primary "handler" of daily life, may or may not be original identity, usually asks for treatment
Switch: instantaneous transition from one personality to another

Anxiety Disorders

Helpful anxiety: alerts us to real or potential danger, prepares us to take action, helps us escape danger, exists in moderate amounts
Harmful anxiety: excessive levels relative to the "threat", interferes with daily functioning, causes distress or impairment
Anxiety evolved from threat system, activated in response to danger (real or imaginary, external or internal)

DSM-5 Anxiety Disorders

Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day
Diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all activities
Significant changes in appetite and/or weight, sleep patterns, psychomotor retardation or agitation, fatigue or loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness or inappropriate guilt, diminished ability to concentrate or making decisions, recurrent thoughts of death or suicide

Depressive Disorders

Dysthymic Disorder: depressed mood most of the day, more days than not, for at least 2 years
Presence of 2+ symptoms: poor appetite or overeating, insomnia or hypersomnia, low energy or fatigue, low self-esteem, poor concentration or difficulty making decisions, feelings of hopelessness

Bipolar Mood Disorder

Manic Episode: distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive or irritable mood, and abnormally and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy
Symptoms of Manic Episode: inflated self-esteem or grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, more talkative than usual or pressure to keep talking, racing thoughts, distractibility, increase in goal-directed activity, substance use

Eating Disorders

Anorexia Nervosa: self-imposed dietary restriction resulting in low body weight, intense fear of weight gain or becoming fat, disturbed perception of body or undue influence of body on self-evaluation, or denial of seriousness of weight loss
Subtypes: Binge (AN-BP), Restrictive (AN-R)
Dieting Research: dieting tends to have a counter-effect on the dieter, increasing risk of developing an ED

Biological Factors in Eating Disorders

Genes: strong genetic factor, twin studies in AN and BN
Serotonin levels: low levels found in people with EDs, linked to dieting

Treatments for Eating Disorders

Help-seeking: functions being served by the ED may deter help-seeking, denial and shame common deterrents, barriers related to access, expenses
CBT Formulation: eating disorders like phobias or OCD problems, exposure necessary, mindfulness, goals: eliminate or reduce symptoms, approach: reinstate "regular" eating

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Description

Test your knowledge on the symptoms of Major Depressive Episode (MDE) by identifying the key criteria that must be present. This quiz covers common signs such as changes in appetite, sleep patterns, fatigue, and more.