40 Questions
What is the characteristic of oceanic crust?
Made largely of hard dense basalt
What is the process called when one plate moves beneath the other?
Subduction
What type of plate boundary is characterized by two plates colliding with each other?
Convergent boundary
What is the name of the plate that includes the continent of Asia and Europe?
Euro-Asian plate
What is the rate at which plates move?
A few centimeters per year
What is the feature associated with a subduction zone?
All of the above
What type of crust is made largely of less dense granite?
Continental crust
What is the name of the plate that includes the continent of Australia?
Indo-Australian plate
What is a limestone column that hangs down from the ceiling of a cave called?
Stalactite
Which type of volcanoes are formed from viscous, sticky lava that does not flow easily?
Strata volcanoes
What is a large crater basin shaped depression that forms due to the collapse of the ground following a major eruption?
Caldera
Which type of weathering is common in higher latitude areas of the world?
Frost action
What is a volcano that has not erupted during historic time but will probably erupt again?
Dormant volcanoes
Which of the following is NOT true about strata volcanoes?
They are known for their large size and low angle slope
Which one of the following features is associated with a subduction zone?
Volcanic arc
What is a common type of landform associated with the upper course of a river?
Rapids and waterfalls
What type of plate boundary is characterized by plates sliding past each other?
Transform plate boundary
Which of the following layers of the Earth is liquid in nature?
Outer core
What is the name of the supercontinent that consisted of all of the present continents?
Pangaea
What happens to the crustal plates at a divergent plate margin?
They move apart from each other
Fold mountains form when plates of the Earth's crust move:
Towards each other
What drives the movement of plates?
Convection currents
Where does plate subduction occur?
Convergent plate boundaries
What happens at convergent plate boundaries where oceanic and continental crust meet?
Oceanic crust is subducted
What is the primary controlling factor for mass wasting?
Gravity
What is the term for the down slope movements of rock, regolith, and soil?
Mass wasting
What is the result of two continental plates colliding?
Fold mountain
What is the term for an area of salt water separated from the sea by loose sand banks?
Lagoon
What is the effect of water on the materials that are prone to mass wasting?
It increases the weight of the materials and reduces its frictional strength
What is the term for a narrow ridge of sand that projects into the sea but is attached to the land at one end?
Spit
What is the effect of a steeper slope on the likelihood of mass wasting?
It increases the likelihood of mass wasting
What is the term for a strip of land along the sea coast covered by varied types of sediments?
Beach
Which of the following agents of physical weathering is related to frost action?
Exfoliation
What is the major characteristic of the upper course of a river?
Formation of V-Shaped valley and waterfalls
What is the process by which molten rock is forced out onto the surface of the earth?
Volcanism
Which of the following pairs belongs to old fold mountains?
Cape range & Urals
How is a block (horst) mountain formed?
The land between two parallel faults is pushed upward due to pressure from inside the earth's crust
Which of the following is NOT an intrusive volcanic landform?
Crater
Which of the following is NOT related to endogenic forces?
Denudation
Which internal force is responsible for the formation of the Ethiopian rift valley?
Faulting
Study Notes
Plate Tectonics
- The Earth's lithosphere is broken into large plates that move slowly at a rate of a few centimeters per year and change size.
- There are seven major large plates: Pacific, Antarctica, Euro-Asian, African, Indo-Australian, North American, and South American plates.
- Smaller plates include Nazca, Philippine, Caribbean, and Cocos plates.
Plate Movements and Boundaries
- Plates move in different directions and meet each other at plate boundaries.
- The movement of plates creates three types of tectonic plate boundaries: convergent, divergent, and transform boundaries.
- Continental crust is made of less dense granite (sial), while oceanic crust is made of hard dense basalt (sima).
- Convergent plate boundaries occur when two plates collide with each other, resulting in subduction, where the dense plate will be forced under the less dense one.
Convergent Boundaries
- Subduction occurs when one plate sinks underneath another, typically at oceanic-continental boundaries and oceanic-oceanic boundaries.
- Features associated with a subduction zone include volcanic arcs, island arcs, and trenches.
- There are three types of convergent boundaries: oceanic-continental, oceanic-oceanic, and continental-continental.
Mass Wasting (Movement)
- Mass wasting refers to the down-slope movement of rock, regolith, and soil under the influence of gravity.
- Factors that contribute to mass wasting include water, the angle of the slope, and human activities such as farming and overgrazing.
- Steeper slopes are more prone to mass wasting as the force of gravity is stronger on steeper gradients.
Landforms and Features
- Beach: a strip of land along the sea coast covered by varied types of sediments.
- Spit: a narrow ridge of sand that projects into the sea but is attached to the land at one end.
- Lagoon: an area of saltwater separated from the sea by loose sand banks.
- Fold mountains form when plates of the earth's crust move towards each other.
Volcanic Activity
- Volcanoes can be classified as active, dormant, or extinct based on their eruption history.
- A caldera is a large crater basin-shaped depression that forms due to the collapse of the ground following a major eruption.
- Shield volcanoes are formed from viscous, sticky lava that does not flow easily.
- Strata volcanoes are the most common volcanic form and are characterized by a steep profile and periodic, explosive eruptions.
Physical Weathering
- Frost action is a type of physical weathering that occurs in higher latitude areas of the world.
- Exfoliation is a type of physical weathering that occurs when rocks break apart due to temperature changes.
- Scree is a type of physical weathering that occurs when rocks break apart due to gravity.
This quiz covers the different types of tectonic plates, including major and minor plates, and their composition.
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