Maia Lafortezza Flashcards

Venus of Willendorf (28,000-25,000 BCE): A female figure symbolizing fertility, indicating time devoted to sculpture-making.
Hall of Bulls (15,000 BCE): Lascaux caves artwork depicting various animals including horses, deer, and woolly rhinos.
Bird Headed Man (c. 15,000 BCE): Earliest representation of a human form found in Lascaux Caves.
Composite View: Artistic representation showing multiple angles in a single image.

Standard of Ur (2,600-2,400 BCE): Features war and peace sides, found in Ur, southern Iraq, showcasing composite view.
Sculpture in the Round: Statues like votive statues from Eshnunna (2700 BCE) primarily made of gypsum.
Palette of King Narmer (3,000 BCE): Depicts the conquering of Egypt, featuring Horus as a falcon.
Royal Cemetery of Ur: Excavated by Leonard Woolley, notable for Queen Puabi's grave and containing 1,800 shaft graves.

Pyramids: The Great Pyramids include Khufu (largest), Khafre, and Menkaure (smallest); vital structures from the Old Kingdom.
Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut (c. 1473-1458 BCE): Located in Deir el-Bahri, Egypt, significant for its architectural design.
Fowling Scene: From the tomb of Nebamun (c. 1400-1350 BCE) in Thebes, illustrating naturalistic representation in the New Kingdom.
The Great Sphinx (2520-2429 BCE): Constructed from diorite with Horus depicted on its shoulder.

Mastaba: Simple flat-roofed tomb structures, a precursor to pyramids.
Stepped Pyramid of Djoser (c. 2630-2611 BCE): Early pyramid design in Saqqara, attributed to designer Imhotep.
Ziggurat of Nanna (c. 2,100 BCE): Constructed from mud brick in Ur, Iraq, exemplifying religious architecture.
Post and Lintel Construction: Basic architectural method involving two vertical posts and a horizontal lintel.

Doryphoros (c. 450-440 BCE): Spear bearer statue by Polykleitos, noted for naturalism and use of contrapposto.
Parthenon (c. 447-430 BCE): High Classical building in Athens, known for its sculptural decorations depicting battle scenes.
Temple of Aphaia (c. 500-490 BCE): Greek temple exemplifying early classical architecture with distinct features like the stylobate and peristyle.
Erechtheion: Non-rectangular temple on the Acropolis, showcasing complex architectural design.

Hierarchy of Scale: Depicts more important figures in larger sizes, often utilized in royal artwork.
Idealism: In art, emphasizes forms as they should be instead of their reality, exemplified in statues like Menkaure and Khafre.
Ka: Represents the eternal spirit in Egyptian belief, reflecting the importance of the afterlife in art.
Cuneiform: Early writing system discovered on clay tablets in Mesopotamia, marking the advent of bureaucracy.

Akhenaton: Pharaoh associated with the Amarna period, known for his unique artistic style and changes in religious practices.
Hatshepsut: One of the few female pharaohs, noted for her contributions to temple building and trade expeditions.
Queen Puabi: A prominent figure in the Royal Cemetery of Ur, indicated by lavish burial items including lapis lazuli and cuneiform inscriptions.

Relief Carving: Art technique involving carved designs on rock surfaces, prominent in Egyptian tombs.
Corbelling: Construction technique used to create arch-like structures without the use of mortar, seen in ancient tomb designs.
Fresco Secco: Dry-plaster painting technique used in tombs, allowing vibrant colors and durability over time.

Palace Complex at Knossos (c. 1700-1370 BCE): Minoan site showcasing advanced architectural techniques, discovered by Arthur Evans.
Bull-Leaping Frescoes: Depictions of ceremonial bull leaping, illustrating the significance of bulls in Minoan culture.
Cyclopean Masonry: Ancient construction style using massive stones without mortar, commonly associated with Mycenaean architecture.

Art of Power: Art serves as a medium for expressing political and spiritual power across various cultures.
Art of the Afterlife: Examines how art reflects beliefs about the afterlife and the spiritual journey post-mortem.
Spiritual Significance: Many cultures believe art houses living spirits or powers, imbuing objects with deeper meaning.